347 simbi isina tsvina yemakemikari kuumbwa Hukuru hwevenous kana capillary ropa, yakanangana neSARS-CoV-2, T-cell mhinduro inosarudza kusadzivirirwa kuCOVID-19.

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347 Stainless simbi kemikari yakagadzirwa

Stainless Simbi 347 Coil Tube Chemical Composition

Iyo kemikari inoumbwa uye michina zvimiro zveStainless simbi 347 coil chubhu ndeaya anotevera:
- Carbon - 0.030% max
- Chromium - 17-19%
Nickel - 8-10.5%
- Manganese - 1% max

Stainless Simbi 347 Coil Tube Mechanical Properties

Zvinoenderana neStainless Steel 347 Coil Tube Mugadziri, Mechanical Properties ye347 Coil Tube:
- Kusimba Simba (psi) - 75,000 min
- Kuwedzera Simba (psi) - 30,000 min
- Elongation (% mu2 ″) - 25% min
- Brinell Kuoma (BHN) - 170 max

Zvishandiso & Mashandisiro eStainless Simbi 347 Coil Tube

• Stainless Simbi 347 Coil Tube inoshandiswa muShuga Mills.
• Stainless Simbi 347 Coil Tube inoshandiswa muFetereza.
• Stainless Simbi 347 Coil Tube inoshandiswa muIndasitiri.
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• Stainless Simbi 347 Coil Tube inoshandiswa muOiri neGasi Plant.
• Stainless Simbi 347 Coil Tube Mugadziri anoshandiswa muShipBuilding Indasitiri.

SARS-CoV-2-chaiyo T masero anofungidzirwa kudzivirira kubva kutapukirwa uye kufambira mberi kweCCIDID-19, asi hapana humbowo hwakananga hweizvi.Pano, takaenzanisa zviyero zveropa zveSARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ positive T masero ane COVID-19 diagnostic test results (PCR uye/kana lateral kuyerera) mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekuunganidzwa kweropa raLian.Pakati pevatori vechikamu zana nemakumi mana nevasere vakapa venous blood samples, ukuru hweSARS-CoV-2-chaiyo T cell mhinduro yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya kune avo vakaramba vakachengetedzwa pane avo vakatapukirwa (P <0.0001).% njodzi yekutapukirwa, nepo kusimba kwakanyanya kwakaderedza njodzi iyi kusvika pa5.4%.Izvi zvakagadziriswa kune vamwe vatori vechikamu 299 vakaedza scalable capillary blood assay iyo inogona kuita kuti kuwanika kwehuwandu hwevanhu T-cell immunity data (14.9% vs. 4.4%).Nekudaro, kuyerwa kweT masero akanangana neSARS-CoV-2 anogona kufanotaura njodzi yehutachiona uye inofanirwa kuongororwa kana ichitarisisa chimiro chemunhu uye nehuwandu hwevanhu.
Kuyera nekunzwisisa maitiro ekudzivirira emuviri kuhutachiona hweSARS-CoV-2 kwakakosha kugadzira matipi emangwana anobata kudzikisa hutano hweveruzhinji nehupfumi hwekubuda kweCOVID-19.Kuzivikanwa kwema immune correlates kunopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvekutapukirwa kwehuwandu hwehutachiwana, pamwe yambiro yekukurumidza kwekurapwa muchipatara, uye zvakare kubvumira vanhu kuti vazvigadzirise ivo pachavo njodzi yekutapukirwa uye nenjodzi yekutapurira vamwe.Kuongororwa kwekudzivirira muviri kwakaratidza kwakakosha kuongorora kushanda kweCCIDID-19 vaccine muvarwere vane hutano uye vane njodzi yakanyanya1,2,3 kunyanya muSARS-CoV-24 mutants, uye kutariswa kweiyo immunocompromised kunoreva kukosha kwekuwedzera Immunity Tora vaccine uye kudzivirira. kuputika kwemangwana .
Hunhu hwemunhu hwekuzvidzivirira kuhutachiona hweSARS-CoV-2 hunoenderana nezvakawanda zvinhu: huwandu hwehutachiona panguva yekuratidzwa, hutachiona hwakasiyana, zera, hutachiona hwekare / hutachiona, comorbidities, mishonga, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, anti-SARS-CoV hutachiona. .2 inogadzirisa immune immune mhinduro inoitika panguva yekusangana nehutachiona5.Ongororo yemhinduro yekudzivirira zvirwere kune SARS-CoV-2 kutapukirwa uye/kana vaccination yakatarisana nemaserological assays anoyera kuvepo kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere akanangana neprotein yakarongeka (eg spike glycoprotein).Nekudaro, kuvepo kana kusavapo kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere ega haaratidze nemazvo maitiro ekudzivirira ekudzivirira, sezvo mhinduro dzakadzikiswa zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva6 uye kusarerekera kweSARS-CoV-2 mutsauko mukupora kana kuvharirwa kaviri vanhu Kuita zvisina simba, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune hombe. huwandu hwezvirwere zvinotapukira7.Chokwadi, dziviriro kubva kuchiratidzo cheCCIDID-19 chakakonzerwa neOmicron variant (B.1.1.529) yakadzikira kusvika pagumi muzana mushure memwedzi 4-6 chete yekudzivirira kwemRNA, kunyangwe dziviriro kubva kuchirwere chakakomba chakaramba ichi> 68% kweinenge mwedzi 78.Kuyera inogadzirisa ndangariro T cell mhinduro, iyo inopa dziviriro yenguva refu kubva kuhutachiona hwehutachiona, ndiyo yakanakisa chiratidzo chekutapukirwa neSARS-CoV-2 hutachiona, uye nekudaro chiratidzo chirinani chenjodzi yekuongororwa kuti une COVID-199, kubvira chaiyo T. masero anogona kudzivirira utachiona.pasina seroconversion10,11.Nekudaro, kuyerwa kweT cell mhinduro kwakawana kutariswa kushoma nekuda kwekuoma kwemaitiro uye matambudziko ekugadzirisa mukuwana uye kutakura masampuli eropa re venous, kunyanya pakuita zvidzidzo zvakakura zvekucherechedza kuongorora kushanda kwejekiseni uye kutarisa kusadzivirirwa.Nekudaro, vanhu vakabaiwa vanoratidza yakasimba T cell chiitiko ichipokana neSARS-CoV-2 akasiyana, zvinogona kumisa kurasikirwa kweantibody reactivity kudzikamisa hukasha hweCCIDID-1912,13.
Pano, takatsvaga kuti tinzwisise kana kuyerwa kumwe chete kweSARS-CoV-2 T cell mhinduro yaigona kufanotaura njodzi yakakwana yehutachiona hweSARS-CoV-2 mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekutorwa kweropa, zvisinei nezvaimbokonzeresa immune-inokonzera zvinhu.Kuti tiite kuti T cell bvunzo ienderere mberi uye ishande kuzvidzidzo zvakakura, takaedzawo kuita kuti bvunzo iite miniaturized kuitira kuti iitwe pachishandiswa capillary fingerstick blood sample.
Isu takayera mhinduro dzemaserura uye dzinosekesa immune immune mune vanopa vane hutano tichishandisa yakasanganiswa yekuona kweSARS-CoV-2 T masero uye IgG masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anoenderana neropa rese re venous (kune hunhu hwevatori vechikamu, ona Kurume 2022 14. Muvanopa vaccin, SARS-CoV-2- chaiwo T -cellular mhinduro dzakagadziriswa nekuyera plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mazinga achitevera kukurudzirwa kweropa rose neSARS-CoV-2 peptide (sezvaimboita, refs. 14,15,16,17,18) uye IgG mhinduro dzakabatana. ne nucleocapsid (N) yakawedzerwa kune avo vakarondedzera hutachiona hwekare, kunyange zvazvo mhinduro dzose dzaive dzakakwirira kune vakambotapukirwa nevanopa vasina kuvharwa, maximal mumuviri (Fig. 1a, b) IgG mhinduro pamusoro pe spike glycoproteins (RBD, S1, S2) vaiva vepamusoro-soro muvapi vakabayiwa nhomba kare (Mufananidzo 1c–e).
iyo SARS-CoV-2-yakananga IFN-γ+ T maseru mhinduro akayerwa ne venous yakazara ropa assay uye zvichibva pane vatori vechikamu majekiseni uye pamberi peSARS-CoV-2 mamiriro ehutachiona (akasimbiswa nePCR uye / kana lateral kuyerera bvunzo) 'Vac + /Inf +' n = 60 (girini), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 82 (bhuruu), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 4 (yero), 'Vac-/Inf-' n = 1 (isina kushandiswa).SARS-CoV-2-chaiyo IgG inosunga maitiro inonangwa nucleocapsid (“N”) (b; ****P <0.0001, **P = 0.0016), spiked receptor-binding domain (“RBD”) (c; ** P = 0.0022, *P <0.015), spike subunit 1 (“S1”) (d; ***P = 0.0005, *(Vac + /Inf+ vs. Vac + /Inf-) P = 0.022, *(Vac- /Inf+ vs. Vac+/Inf-) P = 0.012) uye peak subunit 2 (“S2”) (e) yakayerwa nekuongororwa kweropa rese re venous uye zvichibva pajekiseni remutori wechikamu uye yekutanga SARS -CoV-2 (yakasimbiswa nePCR uye/ kana lateral flow test) mamiriro ehutachiona.'Vac + /Inf +' n = 60 (girini), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 71-82 (bhuruu), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 4 (yero).Kuenzanisa kwakaitwa pachishandiswa bvunzo yeKruskal-Wallis, yakagadziridzwa kuenzanisa kwakawanda uchishandisa bvunzo yeDunn.Iyo data inoratidzwa semachati (mutsetse wepakati papakati, muganho wepamusoro pa 75th percentile, yakaderera muganho pa 25th percentile) ine ndebvu pahushoma nehukuru hunokosha.Doti rimwe nerimwe rinomiririra mupi.Raw data inopiwa nenzira yemafaira e data.
Mushure mekutora sampu yeropa, vatori vechikamu vakakumbirwa kuti vazvitaure ivo vane PCR uye / kana lateral yekuyerera bvunzo mhinduro yeCOVID-19;kana vatori vechikamu vakaonekwa vaine hutachiwana pakati pa1 Gunyana 2021 na29 Zvita 2021, vaifungidzirwa kuti vakatapukirwa neDelta (B.1.617.2) variant coronavirus uye Omicron (B.1.1.529) kuPublic Health Wales mushure maZvita 29, 2021, apo iyi sarudzo yekunetseka inova yakanyanya.Pakati pevanopa vanokwana zana nemakumi mana nevasere, takaona huwandu hwehutachiona hwe26.3% (39/148) mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekupihwa ropa, makumi matatu nevasere vakagamuchira yechipiri kana chetatu dosi rekudzivirira kweCCIDID-19 (kubuda kwehutachiona kwakaitika mushure mePfizer/BioNTech ( BNT162b2) mRNA jekiseni kana AstraZeneca jekiseni (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19));mupiro asina kubayiwa akabatwawo.Hukuru hweSARS-CoV-2-chaiyo IFN-γ-positive T cell mhinduro dzaive dzakadzikira mune avo vakashuma bvunzo yekuongorora yeCCIDID-19 pane yevanopa vasina hutachiona (P <0.0001; Fig. 2a), kunyanya nekuda optimal induction yeT cell mhinduro nekudzivirira mune vamwe vatori vechikamu (P = 0.050; Supplementary Fig. 1).Pakanga pasina kuwirirana pakati pehukuru hweIFN-γ+ T cell mhinduro uye nguva kune yakanaka COVID-19 bvunzo mhinduro (Yekuwedzera Mufananidzo 2).Kusiyana neizvi, kana RBD-, S1-, S2-binding IgG mhinduro (Figures 2b-d) kana RBD-, S1-neutralizing antibody mhinduro dzaive dzakananga kune yesango-mhando kana delta SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617).) (Supplementary Fig. 3) inogona kusiyanisa pakati pevanhu vari pangozi yehutachiona.Nekudaro, yakaderera N-yakabatana IgG mhinduro kupokana neSARS-CoV-2 yakabatana nenjodzi yeCOVID-19 kutapukirwa (P = 0.0084; Mufananidzo 2e);avo vakaongororwa vane hutachiona vaive 85% zvishoma (P = 0.00035; KANA 0.15, 95).% CI: 0.047-0.39 (Supplementary Figure 4).
Venous ropa samples kubva kune vane hutano vanopa (n = 148) yakaongororwa SARS-CoV-2-yakananga IFN-γ+ T-sero mhinduro (a; ****P <0.0001) uye kusunga kweSpike receptor kune chaiyo SARS-CoV. -2 kukurudzira.domain (“RBD”) (b), spike 1 subunit (“S1″) (c), spike 2 subunit (“S2″) (d), uye nucleocapsid (“N”) (e; **P = 0.0084) .Vatori vechikamu vakaedza kuti COVID-19 (PCR uye/kana lateral kuyerera) vaonekwa;zvirwere zvose zvakaitika mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekutorwa ropa.Kuenzanisa kwakaitwa pachishandiswa bvunzo ine miswe miviri yeMann-Whitney.Iyo data inoratidzwa semachati (mutsetse wepakati papakati, muganho wepamusoro pa 75th percentile, yakaderera muganho pa 25th percentile) ine ndebvu pahushoma nehukuru hunokosha.Doti rimwe nerimwe rinomiririra mupi.ns haina kukosha.Iyo heatmap f inoratidza Spearman's renji kuwirirana pakati pezvakasiyana zveiyo dataset yakataurwa.Kuenzanisa kwaisava nenhamba yakakosha kwakabviswa kubva kumatrix uye kwamaka nemaseru asina chinhu.Raw data inopiwa nenzira yemafaira e data.
The preset diagnostic positive cutoff ye14 yaionekwa seyakanyanya kupesana kuti iongorore njodzi yekutapukirwazve, saka interquartile marengenzi akaiswa kuti amisikidze asolute njodzi paramita.Iyo statistical modhi, iyo yaingosanganisira machinjiro aive nemhedzisiro yakakosha pamhedzisiro, yakaratidza kuti hukuru hweSARS-CoV-2-chaiyo IFN-γ+ T cell mhinduro ndiyo yakanyanya kukosha immune biomarker yekuona mikana yemunhu yekuve. akaongororwa COVID.-19 yakanaka (Mufananidzo 2f uye Supplementary Figure 4).Varwere vane SARS-CoV-2 chaiyo IFN-γ+ T cell mhinduro mune yechitatu (194-489 pg/ml IFN-γ) uye yechina (> 489 pg/ml IFN-γ) quartiles 65% (P = 0.055; OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.11-1.00) uye 90% (P = 0.0050; OR 0.098, 95% CI: 0.014-0.42) vane vamwe vatori vechikamu.Mikana idiki (Supplementary Fig. 4).Pakazere, vatori vechikamu vane SARS-CoV-2 chaiyo T cell mhinduro kubva kune venous ropa ≤79 pg/mL IFN-γ vaive nenjodzi ye43.2% yekutapukirwa nehutachiona mumwedzi mitanhatu, zvichienzaniswa nemhinduro> 489 pg/mL.ml yeIFN-γ yakanga ine ngozi yehutachiona hwe5.4% (tafura 2).
Venous kuongororwa ropa rose kunogumira muchikamu nekuda kwekudiwa kwekuunganidzwa kwemuenzaniso nephlebotomist.Kuwedzera kuwanikwa kweT cell uye IgG kuyedzwa kweSARS-CoV-2, imwe nzira yecapillary sampling yeropa yakagadziridzwa kubvumidza vatori vechikamu kuwana zvigunwe zveropa samples kumba.Sekuziva kwedu, hakuna kumbove nemishumo yapfuura pamusoro pekuyerwa kweantigen-specific T cell function mucapillary blood samples.Kuwirirana kwakasimba kwakamboratidzwa pakati pehuwandu hwe lymphocyte hwakawanikwa uchishandisa kuenzanisa capillary uye venous ropa samples.Pamusoro pezvo, zvave zvichitaurwa kuti chiyero chese-chakavakirwa neropa chinoyera SARS-CoV-2-chaiyo T cell mhinduro dzinoshandisa chete 320 μL yeropa re venous, 20 kubvisa kushushikana nezve kuwanda kwemasero ekutanga T mumasampuli eropa recapillary.
Isu takashandisa iyi yepamusoro-yepamusoro-yakamisikidzwa yekudyidzana assay yeSARS-CoV-2 T masero uye IgG masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anoenderana necapillary ropa rese kuyera maseru uye humoral immune immune muvatori vechikamu vane akasiyana comorbidities uye yekutanga vaccine / hutachiona mamiriro (Tafura 1).vakatorwa kubva mhiri kweUK pakati pe24 Ndira na14 Kurume 202214. Ruzhinji (90.9%) rwemasampuli eminwe rwakawanikwa nemazvo uye rwakatumirwa kurabhoritari mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekuunganidzwa.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, sampuli dzakagamuchirwa mukati memaawa e48 ekutorwa kweropa, asi hapana imwe yeiyi sampuli yakapfuura kutarisa kwehutano uye haina kukanganisa zvachose T cell kana antibody zviyero (Supplementary Fig. 5).Kunyangwe pakanga paine misiyano muhukuru hweSARS-CoV-2-chaiyo IFN-γ+ T cell mhinduro yakayerwa mune akateerana capillary uye venous masampu eropa mune vamwe vanhu, pakanga pasina misiyano yakakura zvachose (P = 0.88; Supplementary Fig. 6) ))
SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ+ T cell mhinduro dzakawedzera zvakanyanya muvanhu vakabayiwa vakashuma zvakare hutachiona hwekare (P = 0.0001), asi kwete yakanyanya kukwirisa kupfuura mune yakambotapukirwa nevanopa vasina kudzivirirwa (P = 0.19, Fig. 3a).)Mhinduro dzeIgG dzichipesana nespike glycoprotein (RBD, S1, S2) dzaive dzakakwirira zvakanyanya muvanopa vaccine kupfuura mune vanopa vasina kuvharirwa, zvisinei nemamiriro ekutanga ehutachiona (Mufananidzo 3b-d).Sezvineiwo, iyo inorehwa N-yakasungwa IgG mhinduro yaive yepamusoro mune yakambotapukirwa vatori vechikamu vasina kuvharirwa zvichienzaniswa nevatori vechikamu vakavharwa, kunyangwe izvi zvisina kusvika pakukosha (Mufananidzo 3e).Pakati pevasina kuvharwa uye vasina hutachiona vanozvipira vanozvizivisa, 15 ye37 (40.5%) vatori vechikamu vaiva neN-linked IgG, pamusoro pechikumbaridzo chakatarwa che2.0 BAU / mL14;ava vatori vechikamu 15 Gumi nevaviri vevarwere ava vakaedzwa kuti vawane IFN-γ + T sero remhinduro pamusoro pechikumbaridzo chakambogadzwa che22.7 pg/mL IFN-γ14.Naizvozvo, zvingangoita kuti vatori vechikamu ava vakambotapukirwa neSARS-CoV-2 uye havana kuongororwa COVID-19 nekuda kwesarudzo yavo, kushomeka kwePCR uye / kana lateral yekuyerera michina, kana vaive asymptomatic.Kunyangwe pakanga paine kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati peT cell mhinduro kuIFN-γ + uye N-yakabatana IgG mazinga mune vasina kuvharirwa vanopa (P = 0.0044; Supplementary Figure, N-yakabatana IgG mhinduro yakaderera nekukurumidza kupfuura N-yakabatana IgG mhinduro, nepo IFN-γ + T cell mhinduro dzakachengetwa zvisinei nemamiriro ekudzivirira, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yevanopa pamavhiki makumi mashanu mushure mekupikisa yakanga yakaderera (Supplementary Fig. 8) .Rudzi rwekudzivirira rwaive rwakasiyana zvishoma mukuonekwa kweIgG mhinduro dzakananga kune SARS-CoV- 2, T. maseru uye RBD-yakabatana, kunyangwe vatori vechikamu vakagamuchira madosi maviri eBNT162b2 yakateverwa nemRNA1273 revaccination yakaratidza yakakwira zvakanyanya mazinga eIFN-γ + T maseru ainzwa zvakanyanya kuSARS-CoV-2 pane avo vakagamuchira madosi maviri eChAdOx1 uye BNT162b2 (Supplementary. Fig. 9) Mukuwedzera, yakashuma comorbidities yakanga ine misiyano mishomanana mukucherechedza T cell mhinduro kana ichienzaniswa nevanopa vane hutano (Supplementary Fig. 10).
mhinduro dzeSARS-CoV-2-chaiyo IFN-γ+ T dzakayerwa neropa rose capillary assay uye dzakavakirwa pajekiseni revatori vechikamu uye nekutanga SARS-CoV-2 mamiriro ekutapukira (akasimbiswa nePCR uye/kana lateral kuyerera bvunzo).'Vac + /Inf +' n = 42 (girini), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 158 (blue), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 33 (yero), 'Vac- /Inf-' n = 37 (grey).****P < 0.0001, ***P = 0.0001, *(Vac+/Inf- vs. Vac-/Inf-) P = 0.045, *(Vac-/Inf+ vs. Vac- /Inf-) P = 0.014 .SARS-CoV-2 chaiyo IgG inosunga maitiro kune spike receptor binding domain ("RBD") (b; ****P <0.0001, ns: haina kukosha), spike subunit 1 ("S1") (c; * * **P <0.0001, ns: haina kukosha), spike subunit 2 (“S2″) (d; ****P <0.0001, ***P = 0.0005, *P = 0.016) uye nucleocapsid (“N”) (e; ****P <0.0001, ns haina kukosha) yakayerwa pachishandiswa venous rese rekuongorora ropa uye zvichibva pane vatori vechikamu majekiseni uye yekutanga SARS-CoV-2 (yakasimbiswa nePCR uye / kana lateral kuyerera kuyerera) Utachiona hwakakamurwa ne. chimiro.'Vac + /Inf +' n = 46 (girini), 'Vac + /Inf-' n = 182 (bhuruu), 'Vac-/Inf +' n = 34 (yero), 'Vac-/Inf-' n = 37 (grey).Kuenzanisa kwakaitwa pachishandiswa bvunzo yeKruskal-Wallis, yakagadziridzwa kuenzanisa kwakawanda uchishandisa bvunzo yeDunn.Iyo data inoratidzwa semachati (mutsetse wepakati papakati, muganho wepamusoro pa 75th percentile, yakaderera muganho pa 25th percentile) ine ndebvu pahushoma nehukuru hunokosha.Doti rimwe nerimwe rinomiririra mupi.Raw data inopiwa nenzira yemafaira e data.
Sekare, vatori vechikamu vakakumbirwa kuti vataure yakanaka PCR uye / kana lateral kubuda kweropa mhedzisiro yeCOVID-19;maererano neUK Health Agency, vatori vechikamu vaifungidzirwa kuti vakatapukirwa neOmicron coronavirus (B.1.1.529) panguva yekuyedza musiyano wehutachiona hwehutachiona, sezvo yaive musiyano mukuru muUK panguva yekudzidza.Pakati pevanopa 299 vanokwanisa, takaona huwandu hwehutachiona hwe8.0% (24/299) mukati memwedzi mitatu yekupa capillary, vanomwe vavo vasina kubaiwa.Huwandu hwema comorbidities pakati pevose vatori vechikamu hwaive hwakaderera mune avo vakaedza kuti COVID-19 (10.7%) pane avo vakaedza kuti havana COVID-19 (24.4%, Tafura 1), izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nekuti vatori vechikamu vane zvimwe. zvirwere zvakanyanya kungwarira uye kudzivirira kubva kune zvinogona kuitika senge chirwere cheshuga negomarara.Sezvinoonekwa mune venous ropa cohort, SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) -positive T masero akayerwa mumacapillary eropa samples kubva kune vanhu vanotaura ongororo yakanaka yeCOVID-19.Huru hwekupindura hwaive hwakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura kune vasina hutachiona vanopa (P = 0.034; Mufananidzo 4a) nekuda kweiyo yakashata induction yeT cell mhinduro nejekiseni uye / kana hutachiona hwekutanga (Supplementary Figure 11).Saizvozvo, kana RBD-, S1-, S2-inosunga IgG mhinduro (Figures 4b-d) kana RBD-, S1-neutralizing antibody mhinduro dzaive dzakananga kune yemusango-mhando kana delta SARS-CoV-2 (B. 1.617).(Mufananidzo wekuwedzera 12).Vanhu vari panjodzi huru yekutapukirwa vanogona kuzivikanwa.Kusiyana neiyo venous cohort, N-inoenderana neIgG mhinduro zvakare haisiyanise njodzi yeCCIDID-19 (Mufananidzo 4e), zvichikurudzira kuti Omicron musiyano (B.1.1.529) unowedzera kudzivirira kudzivirira kwemuviri muvanhu vakambotapukirwa, sezvakatsanangurwa nguva pfupi yadarika makumi maviri nerimwe. Kusiyana neizvi, kusimba kweSARS-CoV-2-chaiyo IFN-γ T cell mhinduro yaive zvakare yakakosha shanduko mukuona kusawirirana kwega kwega kweCCIDID-19 (Mufananidzo 4f).Pakazara, vatori vechikamu vane SARS-CoV-2-specific capillary T-cell mhinduro ≤23.7 pg/mL IFN-γ vaive nenjodzi ye14.9% yekutapukirwa mumwedzi mitatu zvichienzaniswa nemhinduro> 141.6 pg/mL.ml IFN.-γ yakanga ine ngozi yehutachiona hwe4.4% (Tafura 2).
IFN-γ+ T cell mhinduro dzakananga kune SARS-CoV-2 (a; *P = 0.034) uye SARS-CoV-2 chaiyo IgG-yakananga receptor-binding domain (“RBD”) (b), spike subunit 1 (' S1′) (c), spike subunit 2 ('S2′) (d) uye nucleocapsid binding reaction ('N') (e).Vatori vechikamu vakaonekwa sevakanaka kuCCIDID-19 bvunzo (PCR uye/kana lateral blood flow test), hutachiona hwese hwakaitika mukati memwedzi mitatu yekutorwa ropa.Kuenzanisa kwakaitwa pachishandiswa bvunzo ine miswe miviri yeMann-Whitney.Iyo data inoratidzwa semachati (mutsetse wepakati papakati, muganho wepamusoro pa 75th percentile, yakaderera muganho pa 25th percentile) ine ndebvu pahushoma uye hwepamusoro kukosha.Doti rimwe nerimwe rinomiririra mupi.ns haina kukosha.Iyo heatmap f inoratidza Spearman's renji kuwirirana pakati pezvakasiyana zveiyo dataset yakataurwa.Kuenzanisa kwaisava nenhamba yakakosha kwakabviswa kubva kumatrix uye kwamaka nemaseru asina chinhu.Raw data inopiwa nenzira yemafaira e data.
Sezvo isu tichipinda muchikamu chinotevera cheCCIDID-19 denda, tarisiro ichachinja kubva pakudzivirira kuenda kune yega njodzi manejimendi uye kuona nhengo dziri munjodzi munharaunda.Kumisikidza correlates yekusadzivirirwa kuCOVID-19 kwakakosha kuti uone nekubata aya mapoka ane njodzi zvakanyanya.Ikozvino kune humbowo huri kuwedzera hwekuti T-cell immune immune inodzivirira kubva kuSARS-CoV-2 kutapukirwa uye inodzikamisa hukasha hweCOVID-1910.Iyo data yaratidzwa pano inoratidza kuti iyo yakasanganiswa simba reSARS-CoV-2-yakananga IFN-γ+ T cell mhinduro kurwisa spike, membrane, uye nucleocapsid structural proteins inopa dziviriro yakakura kubva kuCOVID-19 pane inosunga antibody.19 inosimudzira kana kumisa mhinduro .uye inofanirwa kuverengerwa kana ichiongororwa kudzivirirwa kwemunhu uye/kana mombe.RNA mavhairasi akadai SARS-CoV-2 kana furuwenza A hutachiona (IAV) inodzivirira serological neutralization nekukasira kubuda pachena B-cell epitopes pamaantigen epamusoro anozivikanwa nemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere.Maitiro ekudzivirira ekudzivirira anopiwa neT masero anogona kuratidza kutariswa kwe epitopes kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemapuroteni ehutachiona asingakwanisi kukurumidza kupukunyuka mhinduro yekudzivirira.Kudzivirirwa kweT cell-mediated kubva kune novel SARS-CoV-2 akasiyana akafanana neheterosubtypic dziviriro inoyananiswa neT cell yakanangana neakachengetedzwa emukati mapuroteni anoonekwa muIAV22,23 subtypes.
Kunyangwe paine hukuru hwakakura hwekuyera masero ekudzivirira emuviri kuCCIDID-19, kutarisisa kushoma kwakabhadharwa mukuvandudzwa kwechokwadi, chepamusoro-soro, yakamisikidzwa T-cell assays.Matambudziko echinyakare uye mari inosanganisirwa nekuyera T masero emhinduro inodzivirira kutsunga kwakaringana kweT cell kusadzivirirwa kana kutariswa kwehuwandu hwevanhu.Nepo akati wandei ekutengesa ropa rose peptide stimulation assays achangobva kuwanikwa, munhu wese parizvino anoda phlebotomist kuti atore ropa, kudzikisira kuwanikwa uye chiyero.Capillary ropa masisitimu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuona kuwanda kweSARS-CoV-2 masoja ekudzivirira chirwere muhuwandu.Isu takagadziridza capillary blood assays kuti iite ropa rose peptide stimulation assays kuti tiongorore T cell reactivity kune SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins uye SARS-CoV-2 chaiyo antibody mhinduro.Muchokwadi, kuyerwa kwakabatanidzwa kweSARS-CoV-2-chaiyo masoja ekudzivirira chirwere uye T masero mune imwechete capillary sampu yeropa inokwezva kwazvo: (i) inoderedza kudiwa kwekuongororwa kweropa kwakawanda pamunhu wese, (ii) inovandudza ruzivo rwemutori wechikamu uye kunzwisisa;(iii) kunatsiridza zvinhu uye kuderedza kudzokororwa, (iv) kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza sezvishoma zvinoshandiswa murabhoritari uye kuendesa sampuli kunodiwa.Kunyange zvazvo yakazara IFN-γ reactivity yakanga yakafanana pakati pematched venous uye capillary blood samples, yakaonekwa yakaderera mu capillary blood cohort yevatori vechikamu (Fig. 4a) kana ichienzaniswa nevevenous blood cohort (Fig. 2a).IFN-γ kukosha Kune tsanangudzo dzakawanda dzekutsvaga uku, kureva, nhamba huru yevatori vechikamu vane comorbidities inoda immunosuppressive therapy vakanyorerwa mu capillary blood sampling cohort (Table 1) uye Viability uye / kana basa reT masero akawanikwa kubva muvascular. samples inogona kunge yakaderera, kunyanya tichifunga nezvemamiriro ekuchengetwa kwenguva refu kwemasampuli pamberi pekukurudzira peptide.
Mushonga wekudzivirira weCCIDID-19 uripo parizvino unopa dziviriro yakanakisa kubva kuchirwere chakakomba kune vazhinji vanogamuchira mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekudzivirira8.Zvinokurudzira, kunyangwe nekushomeka kwekudzivirira-induced serological neutralization yeSARS-CoV-26,7 akasiyana, T-sero mhinduro dzakasimudzwa nejekiseni kurwisa mhuka yemusango SARS-CoV-2 yakaramba yakasimba, sezvo vamwe makumi maviri nevashanu vakabuda.Iyo data yatinopa pano inoratidza kukosha kwekuongorora kwakakura kwevaccine immunogenicity, kuratidza majekiseni asina kukwana T-cell immune immune kudzivirira hutachiona nekukasira uye kuenderera mberi kwehutachiona.Isu takaonawo kuti vanhu vazhinji vasina kubayiwa vakapinzwa mucapillary cohort vaive nemhinduro yakakosha yeSARS-CoV-2-chaiyo T masero (uye N-binding IgG) zvisinei nejekiseni rekare, rinogona kunge rakakonzerwa nehutachiona hwapfuura.Pane kubayisa vanhu vakakodzera jekiseni, njodzi yavo yekutapukirwa inofanira kuongororwa zvichienderana nemamiriro avo ejekiseni uye sarudzo dzine ruzivo dzakaitwa.
Zvipingamupinyi zvechidzidzo ichi zvinosanganisira vimbiso yekuti vatori vechikamu vakazvizivisa vega hutachiona neSARS-CoV-2 mushure mekuunganidzwa kweropa kuti vaone kukosha kwekusadzivirira;vamwe vatori vechikamu vanogona kunge vaine hutachiona hweasymptomatic uye vasingakwanise kuita PCR uye/kana lateral yekuyerera kuyedzwa kweCOVID-19.Dataset yedu yakashayawo ruzivo nezvemishonga yevatori vechikamu panguva yekutorwa ropa.Pamusoro pezvo, tichipihwa kuti vese vatori vechikamu vakangotaura zvinyoro-nyoro kana zviratidzo zvisina kana zviratidzo, zvakange zvisingaite kuona mhinduro dzedziviriro kubva kune yedu data set iyo yakafanotaura kuwedzera kwenjodzi yekurwara kwakanyanya uye kuchipatara kweCCIDID-19.Nekudaro, kuvepo kweCD8+ T cell mhinduro kupokana nenucleocapsid-specific epitopes nguva pfupi yadarika yakabatana nekudzivirirwa kubva kune yakanyanya COVID-1926.Pamusoro pezvo, muyedzo wakashandiswa pano hauna kuyera mhinduro dzeT cell kune dzakambotaurwa SARS-CoV-2 dzisiri-zvimiro mapuroteni ayo achangobva kuratidzwa kuti anounganidza mune seronegative vashandi vehutano vanga vachisangana nevarwere vane hutachiona.Zvichienderana nebasa iri, zvichipihwa kuwanda kwekutapurirana kwenharaunda panguva yekutorwa uye mukana wakakura wekubatwa nehutachiona muhuwandu, huwandu hweSARS-CoV-2 chaiwo T masero anowanikwa mubvunzo dzedu zvakare anoita seanokwanisa kubvumidzwa.subclinical infections mumapoka edu.Chekupedzisira, hatina kuyera kugadzirwa kwe interleukin 2 neT maseru nekuti basa redu rekare rairatidza kusazivikanwa kweSARS-CoV-214-chaiyo T-cell mhinduro, kunyangwe IL-2-chaiyo mhinduro dzinogona kuratidza yagara iripo muchinjika-reactivity.masero ane hukama nekudzivirira kubva kuSARS-CoV-211 kutapukira.
Zvakatorwa pamwechete, idzi data dzinoratidza kukosha kwakakosha kwezvidzidzo zvenguva refu-refu izvo zvinosanganisira SARS-CoV-2-chaiyo T cell mhinduro mumatanho ehuwandu-huwandu hwekuzvidzivirira.Kuedza uku kunogona kubatsirwa nekugadzirwa kwecapillary blood test inoyera mhinduro yeT-cell.
Chirongwa chekutsvagisa chakatsvaga vatori vechikamu kubva muna Kukadzi 2021 kusvika Kurume 2022. Boka revanopa vane hutano (n = 148) vakapa masampu eropa re venous vaisanganisira vashandi vepayunivhesiti uye vadzidzi vaipinda muCardiff University yeCOVID-19 yekuongorora sevhisi kana vashandi pachikoro chepuraimari mu. Cardiff.Vese vatori vechikamu vaive vaine hutano uye havana kuzivisa kutora chero immunosuppressive zvinodhaka (ona Tafura 1 yehunhu).Boka revatori vechikamu vakapa masampuli eropa recapillary raisanganisira vese vanozvipira (vezera 18+) vanobva mhiri kweUK.Pakati paNdira 24 naKurume 14, 2022, vatori vechikamu 342 vakanyoreswa muchidzidzo, avo 299 vakaendesa samples dzeropa murabhoritari.Vazhinji vatori vechikamu vakaramba vasina kuvharirwa uye / kana kurondedzera zvakakomba comorbidities, kusanganisira autoimmune zvirwere negomarara (ona Tafura 1 yehunhu).Ichi chidzidzo chakawana mvumo yetsika kubva kuNewcastle neNorth Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee (ID IRAS: 294246) uye Cardiff University School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (SREC ref: SMREC 21/01).Vese vatori vechikamu vakapa mvumo yakanyorwa vasati vabatanidzwa.Vatori vechikamu havana kuwana muripo wekutora chikamu muchidzidzo ichi.
Venous blood samples yakawanikwa nevenipuncture mu6 kana 10 ml lithium kana sodium heparin vacutainers (BD).Masampuli eropa eCapillary akawanikwa nemunwe lancet ndokuzounganidzwa muheparin microcontainers (BD).Inenge 400 µl yeropa inodiwa;chero sampuli isingasviki mari iyi icharambwa.Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekurambwa kwemuenzaniso zvaisanganisira coagulation yakakura uye / kana hemolysis uye kukundikana kuunganidza viscous plasma yekuongorora (Supplementary Fig. 5).Huwandu hwe299 capillary blood samples yaivepo yekuongorora mhinduro dzemaantibody, ayo mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe emasamples aivepowo kuti aongorore mhinduro dzeT cell.
SARS-CoV-2 chaiyo T cell mhinduro dzakaongororwa uchishandisa iyo COVID-19 Immuno-T assay (ImmunoServ Ltd) uye ikaitwa sezvakambotsanangurwa14.Muchidimbu, imwe 6 ml kana 10 ml sodium heparin (BD) venous vacutainer yakatorwa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe anotora chikamu uye yakagadziriswa murabhoritari mukati memaawa gumi nemaviri ekutorwa kweropa.Kunyange zvazvo mienzaniso yakawanda yakagadziriswa mukati meawa makumi maviri nemana, imwe 400-600 μl heparinized microbleeding (BD) ropa recapillary rakaunganidzwa mukati memaawa makumi mana nemasere ekutorwa kwezvigunwe.Venous uye/kana capillary ropa samples akamutswa aine akaparadzana peptide madziva akanangana neSARS-CoV-2 (wild-type musiyano) sezvakambotsanangurwa14.Raibhurari iyi yepeptide ine 420 15-mer sequences ine gumi neimwe inopindirana amino acids inotenderera yese spike protein (S1 uye S2) (S; NCBI protein: QHD43416 1), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (NP; NCBI protein: QHD43423 2) uye membrane glycM ; NCBI protein: QHD43419 1) kutevedzana kwekodhi (inonzi "S-/NP-/M-combinatorial peptide library").Yese peptides yakacheneswa kusvika> 70%, yakanyungudika mumvura isina utachiona uye yakashandiswa pachikamu chekupedzisira che 0.5 μg/ml pa peptide.Samples dzakaiswa pa 37 ° C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana.Machubhu akabva aiswa centrifuged pa5000 × g kwemaminetsi matatu uye ~ 150 µl yeplasma yakaunganidzwa kubva kumusoro kwega rega rega rega.Chengetedza plasma samples pa -20°C kusvika mwedzi umwe usati washandisa maassays ekuona cytokine/antibody.
IFN-γ yakayerwa pachishandiswa IFN-γ ELISA MAX Deluxe Set (BioLegend, katarogu nhamba 430116) uye yakaitwa maererano nemirairo yemugadziri.Pakarepo mushure mekumisa mhinduro (2N H2SO4) yakawedzerwa, iyo microplate yakaverengwa pa450 nm uchishandisa BioLegend Mini ELISA plate reader.IFN-γ yakaverengerwa neyakajairwa curve extrapolation uchishandisa GraphPad Prism.Mitemo iri pazasi peyepasi yekuona muganho weassay yakanyorwa se 7.8 pg/ml, hunhu huri pamusoro peiyo yepamusoro yekuona muganho weassay yakanyorwa se1000 pg/ml.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD/S1/S2/N IgG masoja ekudzivirira chirwere akayerwa pachishandiswa Bio-Plex Pro Human IgG SARS-CoV-2 4-plex panel (Bio-Rad, katsi no. 12014634) uye akanyorwa zvinoenderana ne mirayiridzo yemugadziri .mirayiridzo .Samples yekubika kukosha pamusoro pemuganho wehuwandu akaongororwazve pa1: 1000 dilution.Avhareji yefluorescence intensity yemabhero yakayerwa paBio-Plex 200 chiridzwa (Bio-Rad).Antibody concentrations yakaverengerwa neVIROTROL SARS-CoV-2 single control assay (Bio-Rad) uye yakashandurwa kuita WHO/NIBSC 20/136 International Reference Standard Units (BAU/mL) vachishandisa calibration yemugadziri.
RBD uye S1 subunit-chaiyo neutralizing antibodies kurwisa SARS-CoV-2 mhuka yemusango uye delta (B.1.617) SARS-CoV-2 mitsetse yakayerwa pachishandiswa Bio-Plex Pro Human SARS-CoV-2 Variant Neutralization Antibody Kit (Bio -Rad, chikamu nhamba 12016897), maererano nemirairo yemugadziri.Yera avhareji yefluorescence intensity paBio-Plex 200 (Bio-Rad) uye uverenge iyo muzana inhibition (kureva, neutralization) uchishandisa inotevera formula:
Inotapukira neutralization assays yeSARS-CoV-2 yakaitwa sezvakambotsanangurwa28.Nenguva pfupi, mazana matanhatu ePFU emhando yemusango SARS-CoV-2 akaiswa ne3-fold serial dilutions yeplasma mune duplicate kweawa imwe pa37°C.Musanganiswa wakabva wawedzerwa kuVeroE6 masero kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.Monolayers yakagadziriswa ne 4% paraformaldehyde, yakagadziriswa ne 0.5% NP-40 uye yakavharidzirwa kweawa 1 mukuvhara buffer (PBS ine 0.1% pakati uye 3% skimmed mukaka).Masoja ekudzivirira ekutanga (anti-nucleocapsid 1C7, Stratech) akawedzerwa kuvhavha buffer kweawa imwe patembiricha yemumba.Mushure mekugezwa, yechipiri antibody (anti-mouse IgG-HRP, Pierce) yakawedzerwa kuvharira buffer kweawa imwe.Monolayers akagezwa, akagadzirwa achishandisa Sigmafast OPD uye akaverenga paClariostar Omega plate reader.Matsime asina utachiona, asina utachiona asi asina masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, uye sera yakajairwa inoratidza chiitiko chepakati aisanganisirwa mukuedza kwega kwega sezvinodzora.
Ongororo yenhamba yakaitwa muGraphPad Prism (vhezheni 9.4.1).Kujairika kweiyo data seti kwakaedzwa uchishandisa Shapiro-Wilk bvunzo.Non-parametric maitiro akashandiswa pakuenzanisa kwese.Iyo Mann-Whitney bvunzo yakashandiswa kune isina kupetwa samples.Yese bvunzo dzaive nemativi maviri ane zita rekukosha chikumbaridzo cheP ≤ 0.05.
Ongororo yekutanga yekuongorora dataset yakaitwa muR (shanduro 4.0.3).Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvandudzwa kweSpearman's univariate rank correlation matrix, uko kuwirirana pakati pezvakasiyana zviviri zvinomiririrwa nehukuru uye ruvara rwemakwere.Kukosha kwehuwandu pakati pemasangano kwakaverengerwa uchishandisa Spearman's rho, uko kukosha ≤0.05 kwainzi kwakakosha.Kuenzanisa kwaisava nenhamba yakakosha kwakabviswa kubva kumatrix uye kwamaka nemaseru asina chinhu.P-tsika dzakagadziridzwa kuenzanisa kwakawanda uchishandisa kururamisa kwaHolm.Iyo bhinary logistic regression modhi yakashandiswa kutevedzera mabatiro ezvakasiyana mudataset pane mhinduro yakanaka kuCOVID-19.IFN-γ T masero emhinduro uye anti-RBD/S1/S2/N IgG titer zvibodzwa zvakashandurwa kuita zvinhu, apo munhu wega wega akapihwa quartile yakakodzera yechibodzwa chimwe nechimwe.Mushure meizvozvo, yekutanga modhi yekutsvagisa yakagadziridzwa pachishandiswa glm basa muhuwandu hwehuwandu (V4.0.3).Izvo zviyero zvakatorwa kubva mumuenzaniso wekutanga uyu zvakatorwa kubva kune coefficients emuenzaniso uchishandisa 'odds_plot' basa muOddsPlotty package (V1.0.2).Pakugadzira muchinjika-yekugonesa modhi, takashandisa "bestglm" basa kubva pabestglm package (V0.37.3) kudzikamisa kusarura kwemushandisi uye kuona kuti yakanakisa subset yekufungidzira inogona kusarudzwa.Nzira yakasarudzwa yaive "yakazara" uye chirevo cheruzivo chakashandiswa kuongorora chimiro chemuenzaniso chaive AIC.Izvo zvakafanana mafambiro ebasa anotsanangurwa pamusoro akashandiswa kuwana iyo odds ratio.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve dhizaini yekudzidza, ona Nature kudzidza abstract yakabatana nechinyorwa ichi.
Tsamba uye zvikumbiro zvezvinhu zvinofanira kuendeswa kuna Dr. Martin Scarr kana Purofesa Andrew Godkin.Ichi chinyorwa chinopa data rekutanga.
Iyo R kodhi inoshandiswa kugadzira manhamba emhando inowanikwa pachena pasina chikumbiro29.Kudhindazve ruzivo uye marezinesi anogona kuwanikwa pa www.nature.com/reprints.
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