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Carbon kutora uye kuchengetedza kwakakosha kuzadzisa zvinangwa zveParis Agreement.Photosynthesis ndiyo tekinoroji yezvakasikwa yekutora kabhoni.Tichidhirowa kufemerwa kubva kune lichens, takagadzira 3D cyanobacteria photosynthetic biocomposite (kureva kutevedzera lichen) tichishandisa acrylic latex polymer yakaiswa kune loofah sponge.Chiyero cheCO2 kutora neiyo biocomposite yaive 1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 yebiomass d-1.Mutengo wekutora unobva pane yakaoma biomass pakutanga kwekuedza uye inosanganisira CO2 inoshandiswa kurima mhepo itsva pamwe chete neCO2 iri mumisanganiswa yekuchengetedza yakadai semakabhohaidhiretsi.Iyi miitiro yekutora yaive yakakwira 14-20 nguva yakakwira kupfuura slurry control matanho uye yaigona kukwidziridzwa kuti itore 570 t CO2 t-1 biomass pagore-1, yakaenzana ne5.5-8.17 × 106 mahekita ekushandiswa kwevhu, kubvisa 8-12 GtCO2 CO2 pagore.Kusiyana neizvi, sango bioenergy ine kabhoni kubatwa uye kuchengetedza ndeye 0.4–1.2 × 109 ha.Iyo biocomposite yakaramba ichishanda kwemavhiki e12 pasina zvimwe zvinovaka muviri kana mvura, mushure mezvo kuedza kwakaguma.Mukati mevanhu vane maitiro akawanda etekinoroji ekurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, akagadziridzwa uye akakwenenzverwa cyanobacterial biocomposites ane mukana wekusimudzira uye scalable kutumirwa kuwedzera CO2 kubviswa uku ichideredza kurasikirwa kwemvura, kudya uye kushandiswa kwevhu.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze injodzi chaiyo kune zvisikwa zvepasi rose, kugadzikana kwe ecosystem uye vanhu.Kuti kuderedze mhedzisiro yaro yakaipisisa, zvirongwa zvakarongeka uye zvakakura-decarburization zvinodiwa, uye, hongu, imwe nzira yekubvisa zvakananga magasi egreenhouse kubva mumhepo inodiwa.Pasinei neyakagadziriswa decarbonization yekugadzira magetsi2,3, parizvino hapana zvigadziriso zvetekinoroji zvehupfumi zvekudzikisa mumhepo kabhoni dioxide (CO2) 4, kunyangwe kubatwa gasi reflue kuri kufambira mberi5.Panzvimbo pezvigadziriswa uye zvinoshanda zveinjiniya mhinduro, vanhu vanofanirwa kutendeukira kune chaiwo mainjiniya ekutora kabhoni - photosynthetic organisms (phototrophic organisms).Photosynthesis ndiyo tekinoroji yekabhoni sequestration tekinoroji, asi kugona kwayo kudzosera anthropogenic kabhoni hupfumi pazvikero zvine musoro zvenguva inopokana, maenzayimu haashande, uye kugona kwayo kuendesa pachikero chakakodzera kune mubvunzo.Nzira inogona kuitika yephototrophy kusima masango, iyo inotema miti yebioenergy nekabhoni kubatwa uye kuchengetedza (BECCS) senge tekinoroji-emissions tekinoroji inogona kubatsira kuderedza kuburitswa kweCO21.Zvisinei, kuti vabudirire Paris Agreement tembiricha chipfuro 1.5 ° C vachishandisa BECCS sezvo chikuru nzira zvaizoda 0.4 kuti 1.2 × 109 ha, akaenzana 25-75% yezvino pasi rose anorimika land6.Pamusoro pezvo, kusavimbika kwakabatana nemhedzisiro yepasi rose ye CO2 fertilization inodaidzira mubvunzo kugona kwese kwese kwekurima kwemasango7.Kana tichida kusvika kune tarisiro yetembiricha yakagadzwa neChibvumirano cheParis, masekonzi zana eGtCO2 emagasi egreenhouse (GGR) anofanira kubviswa mumhepo gore rega rega.Dhipatimendi reUK reKutsvagisa uye Innovation nguva pfupi yadarika yakazivisa mari yezvirongwa zvishanu zveGGR8 zvinosanganisira peatland manejimendi, kuwedzeredzwa kwemamiriro ekunze ematombo, kudyara kwemiti, biochar uye zvirimwa zvisingaperi kudyisa maitiro eBECCS.Mutengo wekubvisa zvinopfuura 130 MtCO2 kubva mumhepo pagore i10-100 US$/tCO2, 0.2-8.1 MtCO2 pagore pakugadzirisa peatland, 52-480 US$/tCO2 uye 12-27 MtCO2 pagore pakunaya kwematombo. , 0.4-30 USD/gore.tCO2, 3.6 MtCO2/gore, kuwedzera 1% munzvimbo yesango, 0.4-30 US$/tCO2, 6-41 MtCO2/yr, biochar, 140-270 US$/tCO2, 20 -70 Mt CO2 pagore zvirimwa zvechigarire uchishandisa BECCS9.
Musanganiswa weidzi nzira unogona kusvika pa130 Mt CO2 pagore, asi mitengo yemamiriro ekunze ematombo uye BECCS yakakwirisa, uye biochar, kunyangwe yakachipa uye isiri-yekushandisa ivhu, inoda feedstock yekugadzira biochar.inopa iyi budiriro uye nhamba yekuendesa mamwe maGGR tekinoroji.
Panzvimbo pekutsvaga mhinduro panyika, tsvaga mvura, kunyanya mafototroph anesero rimwe chete senge microalgae uye cyanobacteria10.Algae (kusanganisira cyanobacteria) inotora chikamu che50% ye carbon dioxide yepasi, kunyange zvazvo inotora chikamu chimwe chete chepasi rose11.Cyanobacteria ndiwo masikirwo ekutanga biogeoengineers, achiisa hwaro hwekufema metabolism uye shanduko yehupenyu hwakawanda kuburikidza neokisijeni photosynthesis12.Pfungwa yekushandisa cyanobacteria kubata kabhoni haisi itsva, asi nzira itsva dzekuisa muviri dzinovhura mahorizoni matsva ezvipenyu zvekare.
Vhura madziva uye mafotobioreactors zvinhu zvinogara zviripo kana uchishandisa microalgae uye cyanobacteria nekuda kweindasitiri.Aya maitiro ehutsika anoshandisa tsika yekumisa umo masero anoyangarara akasununguka mukukura kwepakati14;zvisinei, madziva uye photobioreactors zvine zvakawanda zvisingabatsiri zvakadai sekushaya CO2 misa yekufambisa, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwevhu nemvura, kukanganisa kune biofouling, uye yakakwirira yekuvaka uye kushandiswa kwemari15,16.Biofilm bioreactors isingashandisi tsika dzekumisa inodhura zvakanyanya maererano nemvura nenzvimbo, asi iri panjodzi yekukuvadzwa kwe deiccation, inowanzoitika kune biofilm detachment (uye nekudaro kurasikirwa kweiyo inoshanda biomass), uye yakaenzana ku biofouling17.
Nzira itsva dzinodiwa kuwedzera chiyero cheCO2 kutora uye kugadzirisa matambudziko anomisa slurry uye biofilm reactors.Imwe nzira yakadaro ndeye photosynthetic biocomposites yakafuridzirwa ne lichens.Lichen musanganiswa wefungi uye photobionts (microalgae uye/kana cyanobacteria) inofukidza chikamu gumi nembiri kubva muzana chenzvimbo yePasi.Iyo fungi inopa tsigiro yemuviri, dziviriro, uye anchoring yeiyo photobiotic substrate, iyo inozopa fungi kabhoni (seyakawandisa photosynthetic zvigadzirwa).Iyo yakatsanangurwa biocomposite ndeye "lichen mimetic", umo huwandu hwehuwandu hwe cyanobacteria husina kusimba muchimiro cheiyo yakaonda biocoating pane inotakura substrate.Pamusoro pemasero, iyo biocoating ine polymer matrix inogona kutsiva fungus.Mvura-based polymer emulsions kana "latexes" inosarudzwa nekuti ndeye biocompatible, yakasimba, isingadhuri, iri nyore kubata uye inotengeswa19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
Kugadziriswa kwemasero ane latex polymers kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nekuumbwa kwelatex uye maitiro ekugadzira firimu.Emulsion polymerization inzira yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa kugadzira rabha rekugadzira, rinonamira, zvisimbiso, zvisimbiso zvekongiri, mapepa uye machira emachira, uye latex pendi27.Iyo ine akati wandei mabhenefiti pamusoro pedzimwe nzira dzepolymerization, senge yakakwira reaction rate uye monomer shanduko inoshanda, pamwe nekureruka kwechigadzirwa kutonga27,28.Sarudzo yemamonomers inotsamira pane inodiwa zvimiro zveinobuda firimu repolymer, uye kune yakasanganiswa monomer masisitimu (kureva, copolymerizations), zvimiro zvepolymer zvinogona kushandurwa nekusarudza mareshiyo akasiyana emamonomers anoumba inoguma polymer zvinhu.Butyl acrylate uye styrene ndemamwe anonyanya kuzivikanwa acrylic latex monomers uye anoshandiswa pano.Pamusoro pezvo, macoalescing agents (eg Texanol) anowanzoshandiswa kukurudzira kuumbwa kwemafirimu mayunifomu kwaanogona kushandura zvinhu zvepolymer latex kuti ibudise yakasimba uye "inoenderera" (coalescing) coating.Muchidzidzo chedu chekutanga chehumbowo-ye-pfungwa, nzvimbo yepamusoro, yakakwirira porosity 3D biocomposite yakagadzirwa uchishandisa yekutengeserana latex pendi yakaiswa kune loofah sponge.Mushure menguva refu uye inoenderera mberi manipulations (masvondo masere), iyo biocomposite yakaratidza kugona kushoma kuchengetedza cyanobacteria pane loofah scaffold nekuti sero kukura kwakanetesa kurongeka kwelatex.Muchidzidzo chazvino, isu tine tarisiro yekugadzira akatevedzana e acrylic latex mapolymers anozivikanwa chemistry kuti arambe achishandiswa mumashandisirwo ekutora kabhoni pasina kupira kuparara kwepolymer.Mukuita izvi, takaratidza kugona kugadzira lichen-yakafanana nepolymer matrix zvinhu zvinopa kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye zvakanyanya kuwedzera mechanical elasticity kana ichienzaniswa neyakasimbiswa biocomposites.Kuwedzera optimization kunomhanyisa kutorwa kwebiocomposites yekutora kabhoni, kunyanya kana yasanganiswa necyanobacteria metabolically modified kuti iwedzere CO2 sequestration.
Mapfumbamwe latexes ane matatu polymer formulations (H = "yakaoma", N = "yakajairika", S = "yakapfava") uye matatu marudzi eTexanol (0, 4, 12% v / v) akaongororwa kuti ane chepfu uye strain correlation.Adhesive.kubva kune maviri cyanobacteria.Mhando yeLatex yakapesvedzera zvakanyanya S. elongatus PCC 7942 (Shirer-Ray-Hare bvunzo, latex: DF=2, H=23.157, P=<0.001) uye CCAP 1479/1A (nzira mbiri ANOVA, latex: DF=2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001) (Fig. 1a).Iko kusanganiswa kwe texanol hakuna kukanganisa zvakanyanya kukura kweS. Whitney U, 0 N vs. 4 N: W = 13.50, P = 0.245; 0 N kurwisana nekutonga: W = 25.0, P = 0.061; 4 N kurwisana nekutonga: W = 25.0, P = 0.061) uye 12 N yakachengetedza kukura kwakafanana kukutonga kwehupenyu (Mann-Whitney University, 12 N vs. control: W = 17.0, P = 0.885).Kune S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A, zvose zviri zviviri latex musanganiswa uye texanol concentration zvaive zvinhu zvakakosha, uye kupindirana kwakakosha kwakaonekwa pakati pezviviri (nzira mbiri ANOVA, latex: DF = 2, F = 103.93, P = <0.001, Texanol : DF=2, F=5.96, P=0.01, Latex*Texanol: DF=4, F=3.41, P=0.03).0 N uye yose "nyoro" latexes yakakurudzira kukura (Fig. 1a).Pane tsika yekuvandudza kukura nekudzikira styrene kuumbwa.
Toxicity uye adhesion kuyedzwa kwecyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 uye CCAP 1479/1A) kune latex magadzirirwo, hukama negirazi shanduko tembiricha (Tg) uye sarudzo matrix yakavakirwa pahupfu uye data yekunamatira.(a) Kuongororwa kwehuturu kwakaitwa pachishandiswa zvikamu zvakasiyana zvekukura kwecyanobacteria yakajairwa kudzora tsika dzekumisa.Kurapwa kwakanyorwa ne* kwakasiyana zvakanyanya nekudzora.(b) Cyanobacteria kukura data inopesana neTg latex (kureva ± SD; n = 3).(c) Iyo yakawedzera nhamba yecyanobacteria yakaburitswa kubva kune biocomposite adhesion bvunzo.(d) Adhesion data inopesana neTg ye latex (zvinoreva ± StDev; n = 3).e Sarudzo matrix yakavakirwa pane chepfu uye adhesion data.Reshiyo ye styrene kune butyl acrylate i1:3 ye "yakaoma" (H) latex, 1:1 ye "normal" (N) uye 3:1 ye "soft" (S).Nhamba dzakapfuura mu latex kodhi dzinoenderana nezviri muTexanol.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kushanda kwesero kwakaderera nekuwedzera texanol concentration, asi pakanga pasina kuwirirana kwakakosha kune chero ipi zvayo yematambudziko (CCAP 1479 / 1A: DF = 25, r = -0.208, P = 0.299; PCC 7942: DF = 25, r. = – 0.127, P = 0.527).Pamusoro pemuonde.1b inoratidza hukama pakati pekukura kwesero uye tembiricha yekuchinja kwegirazi (Tg).Pane kusimba kwakasimba kwakashata pakati peiyo texanol concentration uye Tg kukosha (H-latex: DF=7, r=-0.989, P=<0.001; N-latex: DF=7, r=-0.964, P=<0.001 S- latex: DF=7, r=-0.946, P=<0.001).Iyo data yakaratidza kuti iyo yakakwana Tg yekukura kweS. elongatus PCC 7942 yaive yakapoteredza 17 °C (Mufananidzo 1b), nepo S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A yaifarira Tg pazasi 0 °C (Mufananidzo 1b).Chete S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A yaive nekubatana kwakasimba kwakashata pakati peTg nedata rehupfu (DF=25, r=-0.857, P=<0.001).
Yese latexes yaive yakanaka adhesion affinity, uye hapana mumwe wavo akaburitsa zvinopfuura 1% zvemasero mushure me72 h (Fig. 1c).Pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha pakati pe latexes yemhando mbiri dzeS. elongatus (PCC 7942: Scheirer-Ray-Hara test, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, H = 0.903; P = 0.924; CCAP 1479 / 1A: Scheirer- Ray bvunzo).– Tsuro bvunzo, latex*texanol, DF=4, H=3.277, P=0.513).Sezvo kuwanda kweTexanol kunowedzera, mamwe masero anoburitswa (Mufananidzo 1c).kuenzaniswa neS. elongatus PCC 7942 (DF = 25, r = -0.660, P = <0.001) (Mufananidzo 1d).Uyezve, pakanga pasina hukama hwehuwandu pakati peTg uye kusungirirwa kwesero kwemhando mbiri (PCC 7942: DF = 25, r = 0.301, P = 0.127; CCAP 1479 / 1A: DF = 25, r = 0.287, P = 0.147).
Kune ese madhiraini, "zvakaoma" latex polymers aive asingashande.Kusiyana neizvi, 4N ne12N dzakaita zvakanakisa kurwisa S. elongatus PCC 7942, nepo 4S ne12S dzakaita zvakanakisa paCCAP 1479/1A (Fig. 1e), kunyangwe paine nzvimbo yakajeka yekuwedzera optimization yepolymer matrix.Aya mapolymer akashandiswa mune semi-batch net CO2 uptake bvunzo.
Photophysiology yakatariswa kwemazuva manomwe uchishandisa maseru akamiswa mune aqueous latex kuumbwa.Kazhinji, zvose zviri pachena photosynthesis mwero (PS) uye yakakura PSII quantum goho (Fv/Fm) inoderera nekufamba kwenguva, asi kuderera uku hakuna kuenzana uye mamwe PS datasets anoratidza biphasic mhinduro, ichipa mhinduro yechidimbu, kunyangwe chaiyo-nguva kupora. pfupi PS basa (Fig. 2a uye 3b).Iyo biphasic Fv/Fm mhinduro yakanga isinganyanyi kutaurwa (Mifananidzo 2b uye 3b).
(a) Inooneka photosynthesis rate (PS) uye (b) yakawanda PSII quantum goho (Fv/Fm) yeSynechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 mukupindura kune latex formulations zvichienzaniswa nekudzora kumisa tsika.Reshiyo ye styrene kune butyl acrylate i1:3 ye "yakaoma" (H) latex, 1:1 ye "normal" (N) uye 3:1 ye "soft" (S).Nhamba dzakapfuura mu latex kodhi dzinoenderana nezviri muTexanol.(kureva ± kutsauka kwakajairika; n = 3).
(a) Inooneka photosynthesis rate (PS) uye (b) yakawanda PSII quantum goho (Fv/Fm) yeSynechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A mukupindura kune latex formulations zvichienzaniswa nekudzora kumisa tsika.Reshiyo ye styrene kune butyl acrylate i1:3 ye "yakaoma" (H) latex, 1:1 ye "normal" (N) uye 3:1 ye "soft" (S).Nhamba dzakapfuura mu latex kodhi dzinoenderana nezviri muTexanol.(kureva ± kutsauka kwakajairika; n = 3).
Kune S. elongatus PCC 7942, latex composition uye Texanol concentration haina kukanganisa PS nekufamba kwenguva (GLM, Latex * Texanol * Nguva, DF = 28, F = 1.49, P = 0.07), kunyange zvazvo kuumbwa kwaiva chinhu chinokosha (GLM)., latex * nguva, DF = 14, F = 3.14, P = <0.001) (Fig. 2a).Pakange pasina mhedzisiro yakakosha yekusungwa kweTexanol nekufamba kwenguva (GLM, Texanol * nguva, DF = 14, F = 1.63, P = 0.078).Paive nekudyidzana kwakakosha kunobata Fv/Fm (GLM, Latex*Texanol*Nguva, DF=28, F=4.54, P=<0.001).Kudyidzana pakati pekugadzirwa kwelatex uye kusungwa kweTexanol kwakave nemhedzisiro yakakosha paFv/Fm (GLM, Latex * Texanol, DF = 4, F = 180.42, P = <0.001).Imwe neimwe parameter inobatawo Fv/Fm nekufamba kwenguva (GLM, Latex*Time, DF=14, F=9.91, P=<0.001 uye Texanol*Nguva, DF=14, F=10.71, P=<0.001).Latex 12H yakachengetedza yakaderera avhareji PS uye Fv/Fm kukosha (Fig. 2b), zvichiratidza kuti iyi polima ine muchetura zvakanyanya.
PS yeS. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A yakanga yakasiyana zvakanyanya (GLM, latex * Texanol * nguva, DF = 28, F = 2.75, P = <0.001), ine latex yakagadzirwa kwete Texanol concentration (GLM, Latex* nguva, DF =14, F=6.38, P=<0.001, GLM, Texanol*nguva, DF=14, F=1.26, P=0.239)."Akapfava" mapolymers 0S uye 4S akachengetedza mazinga akakwira zvishoma ekuita kwePS pane kudzora kumiswa (Mann-Whitney U, 0S maringe nekudzora, W = 686.0, P = 0.044, 4S kupesana nekutonga, W = 713, P = 0.01) uye yakachengetwa yakavandudzwa Fv./ Fm (Fig. 3a) inoratidza kufambisa kwakanyanya kuenda kuPhotosystem II.Kune Fv/Fm kukosha kweCCAP 1479/1A maseru, pakanga paine musiyano wakakura welatex nekufamba kwenguva (GLM, Latex*Texanol*Nguva, DF=28, F=6.00, P=<0.001) (Mufananidzo 3b).)
Pamusoro pemuonde.4 inoratidza avhareji PS uye Fv/Fm pamusoro pemazuva manomwe sebasa rekukura kwesero kune yega yega.S. elongatus PCC 7942 yakanga isina chimiro chakajeka (Fig. 4a uye b), zvisinei, CCAP 1479 / 1A yakaratidza hukama hweparabolic pakati pe PS (Fig. 4c) uye Fv / Fm (Fig. 4d) tsika se zviyero zve styrene uye butyl acrylate inokura nekuchinja.
Hukama pakati pekukura uye photophysiology yeSynechococcus longum pane latex kugadzirira.(a) Muchetura data rakarongerwa zvinoonekwa photosynthetic mwero (PS), (b) yepamusoro PSII quantum goho (Fv/Fm) of PCC 7942. c Toxicity Data rakarongerwa PS uye d Fv/Fm CCAP 1479/1A.Reshiyo ye styrene kune butyl acrylate i1:3 ye "yakaoma" (H) latex, 1:1 ye "normal" (N) uye 3:1 ye "soft" (S).Nhamba dzakapfuura mu latex kodhi dzinoenderana nezviri muTexanol.(kureva ± kutsauka kwakajairika; n = 3).
Iyo biocomposite PCC 7942 yakanga ine mhedzisiro shoma pakuchengetedza masero ane akakosha maseru leaching mukati memavhiki mana ekutanga (Mufananidzo 5).Mushure mechikamu chekutanga che CO2 kutora, masero akagadziriswa ne 12 N latex akatanga kusunungura CO2, uye muenzaniso uyu wakaramba uri pakati pemazuva 4 ne14 (Fig. 5b).Aya data anowirirana nekutarisa kwepigment discoloration.Net CO2 uptake yakatanga zvakare kubva pazuva 18. Pasinei nekusunungurwa kwesero (Fig. 5a), PCC 7942 12 N biocomposite ichiri kuunganidza CO2 yakawanda kupfuura kumiswa kwekutonga kwemazuva 28, kunyange zvishoma (Mann-Whitney U-test, W = 2275.5; P = 0.066).Mwero wekutorwa kwe CO2 ne latex 12 N uye 4 N i 0.51 ± 0.34 uye 1.18 ± 0.29 g CO2 g-1 ye biomass d-1.Paive nemusiyano wakakosha pakati pekurapa uye nguva nhanho (Sachigaro-Ray-Hare bvunzo, kurapwa: DF=2, H=70.62, P=<0.001 nguva: DF=13, H=23.63, P=0.034), asi iyo akanga asina.pakanga paine hukama hwakakosha pakati pekurapa nenguva (Sachigaro-Ray-Har bvunzo, nguva * kurapwa: DF = 26, H = 8.70, P = 0.999).
Half-batch CO2 uptake tests paSynechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 biocomposites inoshandisa 4N uye 12N latex.(a) Mifananidzo inoratidza kuburitswa kwesero uye pigment discoloration, pamwe neSEM mifananidzo yebiocomposite pamberi uye mushure mekuyedzwa.Mitsetse ine mavara machena inoratidza nzvimbo dzekuisa masero pane biocomposite.(b) Cumulative net CO2 kutora kwemavhiki mana."Normal" (N) latex ine reshiyo ye styrene kune butyl acrylate ye1:1.Nhamba dzakapfuura mu latex kodhi dzinoenderana nezviri muTexanol.(kureva ± kutsauka kwakajairika; n = 3).
Kuchengetedzwa kwesero kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kunetsa CCAP 1479 / 1A ine 4S uye 12S, kunyangwe iyo pigment zvishoma nezvishoma yakachinja ruvara nekufamba kwenguva (Fig. 6a).Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A inotora CO2 kwemazuva 84 akazara (masvondo gumi nemaviri) pasina zvimwe zvinovaka muviri.SEM kuongororwa (Fig. 6a) yakasimbisa kutaridzika kwekuona kwechidiki masero.Pakutanga, maseru aive akavharirwa mune latex coating iyo yakachengetedza kutendeseka kwayo kunyangwe sero kukura.Iyo CO2 yekutora chiyero yaive yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura boka rekutonga (Scheirer-Ray-Har bvunzo, kurapwa: DF = 2; H = 240.59; P=<0.001, nguva: DF = 42; H = 112; P=<0.001) ( Mufananidzo 6b).Iyo 12S biocomposite yakawana yepamusoro CO2 kutora (1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1 biomass pazuva), nepo 4S latex yaive 1.13 ± 0.41 g CO2 g-1 biomass pazuva, asi haina kusiyana zvakanyanya (Mann-Whitney U . bvunzo, W = 1507.50; P = 0.07) uye hapana kupindirana kwakakosha pakati pekurapa nenguva (Shirer-Rey-Hara bvunzo, nguva * kurapwa: DF = 82; H = 10 .37; P = 1.000).
Half lot CO2 uptake test uchishandisa Synechococcus elongatus CCAP 1479/1A biocomposites ine 4N uye 12N latex.(a) Mifananidzo inoratidza kuburitswa kwesero uye pigment discoloration, pamwe neSEM mifananidzo yebiocomposite pamberi uye mushure mekuyedzwa.Mitsetse ine mavara machena inoratidza nzvimbo dzekuisa masero pane biocomposite.(b) Cumulative net CO2 kutora mukati mevhiki gumi nembiri."Soft" (S) latex ine reshiyo ye styrene kune butyl acrylate ye1:1.Nhamba dzakapfuura mu latex kodhi dzinoenderana nezviri muTexanol.(kureva ± kutsauka kwakajairika; n = 3).
S. elongatus PCC 7942 (Shirer-Ray-Har bvunzo, nguva* kurapwa: DF=4, H=3.243, P=0.518) kana biocomposite S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A (mbiri-ANOVA, nguva* kurapwa: DF=8 , F = 1.79, P = 0.119) (Fig. S4).Biocomposite PCC 7942 yakanga ine yepamusoro-soro yemakhahydrates pavhiki 2 (4 N = 59.4 ± 22.5 wt%, 12 N = 67.9 ± 3.3 wt%), nepo kumiswa kwekutonga kwaiva nepamusoro-carbohydrate yehuwandu pavhiki 4 apo (kutonga = 59.6 ± 2.84% w/w).Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemakhahydrates eCCAP 1479 / 1A biocomposite yakanga yakaenzana nekumiswa kwekutonga kunze kwekutanga kwekutongwa, nedzimwe shanduko mu 12S latex pavhiki 4. Izvo zvakakosha zvikuru zvebiocomposite zvaive 51.9 ± 9.6 wt% ye4S uye 77.1 ± 17.0 wt% ye12S.
Isu takagadzirira kuratidzira mikana yekugadzira yekusimudzira kusimba kwechimiro chemutete firimu latex polymer coatings sechinhu chakakosha cheiyo lichen inic biocomposite pfungwa pasina kupira biocompatibility kana kuita.Chokwadi, kana matambudziko ezvimiro ane chekuita nekukura kwesero akakundwa, isu tinotarisira kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwakakura pamusoro peyeyedzo biocomposites, ayo atoenzaniswa nemamwe macyanobacteria uye microalgae carbon capture system.
Coatings inofanira kunge isiri-chepfu, yakasimba, inotsigira kunamatira kwenguva refu kwesero, uye inofanira kuva porous kukurudzira kushanda zvakanaka CO2 mass transfer uye O2 degassing.Latex-type acrylic polymers ari nyore kugadzirira uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri ependi, machira, uye anonamira30.Isu takabatanidza cyanobacteria ine mvura-based acrylic latex polymer emulsion polymerized ine yakatarwa reshiyo ye styrene/butyl acrylate particles uye akasiyana siyana eTexanol.Styrene uye butyl acrylate yakasarudzwa kuti ikwanise kudzora zvinhu zvemuviri, kunyanya kunyungudika uye hukama hwekubatana kwejasi (yakakosha kune yakasimba uye yakanyanya kunamatira coating), zvichibvumira kuumbwa kwe "zvakaoma" uye "nyoro" particle aggregates.Deta yehupfu inoratidza kuti "yakaoma" latex ine yakakwira styrene yemukati haikodzeri kupona kwecyanobacteria.Kusiyana nebutyl acrylate, styrene inoonekwa seine chepfu kune algae32,33.Cyanobacteria strains yakaita zvakasiyana chaizvo kune latex, uye the optimum glass transition temperature (Tg) yakatemerwa S. elongatus PCC 7942, ukuwo S. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A yakaratidza hukama husina kunaka hwemutsara neTg.
Iyo yekuomesa tembiricha inokanganisa kugona kugadzira inoenderera yunifomu latex firimu.Kana tembiricha yekuomesa iri pazasi peMinimum Firimu Kugadzira Temperature (MFFT), iyo polymer latex zvimedu hazvizonyatsobatana, zvichikonzera kunamatira chete pane particle interface.Mafirimu anokonzeresa ane hurombo hwekunamatira uye simba remagetsi uye anogona kunge ari muhupfu form29.MFFT ine hukama hwepedyo neTg, iyo inogona kudzorwa nemonomer kuumbwa uye nekuwedzera kweakabatana seTexanol.Tg inosarudza zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvemuviri zvezvakagadzirwa, izvo zvinogona kunge zviri mune rubbery kana girazi state34.Zvinoenderana neFlory-Fox equation35, Tg inoenderana nerudzi rwemonomer uye hukama hwepakati muzana.Kuwedzerwa kwekubatana kunogona kuderedza MFFT nekudzvinyirirwa kwepakati kweTg ye latex particles, iyo inobvumira kuumbwa kwefirimu pamhepo yakadzika, asi ichiri kuumba jira rakaoma uye rakasimba nokuti coalescent inoputika zvishoma nezvishoma munguva kana kuti yakabudiswa 36.
Kuwedzera kusangana kweTexanol kunokurudzira kuumbwa kwefirimu nekunyorovesa mapolymer particles (kuderedza Tg) nekuda kwekutorwa nezvikamu panguva yekuoma, nokudaro kuwedzera simba rekubatana kwefirimu uye kusungirirwa kwesero.Nekuti iyo biocomposite yakaomeswa pakupisa kwemukati (~ 18-20 ° C), iyo Tg (30 kusvika 55 ° C) ye "yakaoma" latex yakakwirira kupfuura kupisa kwekuomesa, zvichireva kuti chidimbu chekubatana chinogona kusave chakanyanya, zvichikonzera Mafirimu eB anoramba ari vitreous, asina kusimba emagetsi uye anonamira zvivakwa, mashoma elasticity uye diffusivity30 pakupedzisira anotungamira mukurasikirwa kukuru kwesero.Magadzirirwo efirimu kubva ku "zvakajairika" uye "akapfava" mapolymers anoitika pa kana pazasi peTg yepolymer firimu, uye magadzirirwo efirimu anovandudzwa nekuvandudzwa kwekubatana, zvichikonzera kuenderera mberi kwemafirimu epolymer ane akagadziridzwa mashini, akabatana, uye anonamira zvinhu.Iyo firimu inoguma icharamba iine rubbery panguva yekuedza kwekutora CO2 nekuda kweTg yayo iri pedyo ne ("yakajairika" musanganiswa: 12 kusvika 20 ºC) kana kuti yakaderera ("nyoro" musanganiswa: -21 kusvika -13 °C ) kusvika kune ambient tembiricha 30 ."Yakaoma" latex (3.4 kusvika 2.9 kgf mm–1) yakaoma zvakapetwa katatu pane "yakajairika" latex (1.0 kusvika 0.9 kgf mm–1).Kuomarara kwe "soft" latexes hakugone kuyerwa nehurema hudiki nekuda kwekunyanyisa kwavo rubberiness uye kunamira pakudziya kwekamuri.Surface charge inogona zvakare kukanganisa adhesion affinity, asi data rakawanda rinodiwa kupa ruzivo rwakakosha.Nekudaro, ese latexes akachengetedza maseru, achiburitsa isingasviki 1%.
Kugadzirwa kwephotosynthesis kunodzikira nekufamba kwenguva.Kuratidzira kune polystyrene kunotungamirira kune membrane kukanganisa uye oxidative stress38,39,40,41.Fv/Fm tsika dzeS. elongatus CCAP 1479/1A dzakafumurwa ku0S ne4S dzaive dzakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri kana zvichienzaniswa nekudzora kwekumiswa, izvo zviri muchibvumirano chakanaka neCO2 yekutora chiyero che4S biocomposite, pamwe ne. yakaderera zvinoreva PS kukosha.values.Yepamusoro Fv/Fm tsika dzinoratidza kuti kufambisa kwemaelectron kuenda kuPSII kunogona kuendesa mamwe mafotons42, izvo zvinogona kuguma nepamusoro CO2 kugadzirisa mitengo.Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti fotophysiological data yakawanikwa kubva kumaseru akamiswa mune aqueous latex mhinduro uye inogona kunge isingaite yakananga kuenzaniswa neyakakura biocomposites.
Kana latex inogadzira chipingamupinyi kuchiedza uye / kana gasi kuchinjanisa zvichikonzera chiedza uye CO2 kurambidzwa, inogona kukonzera kushushikana kweserura uye kuderedza kushanda, uye kana inokanganisa O2 kusunungurwa, photorespiration39.Chiedza chekufambisa kwezvipfeko zvakarapwa zvakaongororwa: "yakaoma" latex yakaratidza kuderera kuduku mukufambisa kwechiedza pakati pe440 ne480 nm (yakagadziridzwa muchikamu nekuwedzera kusanganiswa kweTexanol nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwefirimu coalescence), nepo "nyoro" uye "nguva dzose. ” latex yairatidza kudzikira zvishoma mukufambiswa kwechiedza.haaratidzi kurasikirwa kunoonekwa kwekurasikirwa.Iwo maassays, pamwe neyese incubations, akaitwa pa low light intensity (30.5 µmol m-2 s-1), saka chero ipi zvayo photosynthetically inoshanda mwaranzi nekuda kwepolymer matrix ichabhadharwa uye inogona kutobatsira mukudzivirira photoinhibition.pakukuvadza kusimba kwechiedza.
Biocomposite CCAP 1479/1A yakashanda mukati memazuva makumi masere nemana ekuyedzwa, pasina kuchinja kwekudya kunovaka muviri kana kurasikirwa kukuru kwebiomass, chinova chinangwa chikuru chechidzidzo.Cell depigmentation inogona kusanganiswa nemaitiro echlorosis mukupindura nzara yenitrogen kuti iwane kurarama kwenguva refu (yekuzorora nyika), izvo zvinogona kubatsira maseru kuti atangezve kukura mushure mekuunganidzwa kwenitrogen yakakwana.Mifananidzo yeSEM yakasimbisa kuti masero akasara mukati mekuputira pasinei nekupatsanurwa kwesero, zvichiratidza kusimba kwe "soft" latex uye nokudaro kuratidza kujekesa kwakajeka pamusoro peyedzo yekuedza.Latex "yakapfava" ine 70% butyl acrylate (kuburikidza nehuremu), iyo yakakwira zvakanyanya pane yakataurwa yekumisikidza yejasi rinochinjika mushure mekuoma44.
Kutora mambure eCO2 kwaive kwakakwirira kudarika iyo yekumiswa kwekutonga (14-20 uye 3-8 nguva yakakwirira kune S. elongatus CCAP 1479 / 1A uye PCC 7942, maererano).Kare, takashandisa CO2 mass transfer model kuratidza kuti mutyairi mukuru weCO2 uptake inopinza CO2 concentration gradient pamusoro pe biocomposite31 uye kuti biocomposite performance inogona kuderedzwa nekudzivisa kuendeswa kwehuwandu.Dambudziko iri rinogona kukundwa nekubatanidza zvisiri zvechepfu, zvisiri zvemufirimu-zvinogadzira zvigadzirwa mulatex kuti iwedzere porosity uye permeability yeiyo coating26, asi kuchengetwa kwesero kunogona kukanganiswa sezvo zano iri richaita kuti rive risina kusimba firimu20.Mushonga wemakemikari unogona kuchinjwa panguva yepolymerization kuti uwedzere porosity, iyo ndiyo yakanakisisa sarudzo, kunyanya maererano nekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye scalability45.
Kuitwa kweiyo biocomposite itsva kuchienzaniswa nezvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvichishandisa biocomposites kubva ku microalgae uye cyanobacteria zvakaratidza zvakanakira mukugadzirisa sero kurodha mwero (Table 1) 21,46 uye neakareba nguva dzekuongorora (mazuva 84 maringe ne15 maawa46 uye 3 mavhiki21).
The volumetric content yemakhahydrates mumasero inofananidzwa zvakanaka nezvimwe zvidzidzo47,48,49,50 vachishandisa cyanobacteria uye inoshandiswa sechipimo chinogona kutora carbon uye kushandiswa / kudzoreredza zvikumbiro, zvakadai seBECCS fermentation process49,51 kana kugadzirwa kwebiodegradable. bioplastics52 .Sechikamu chechikonzero chekudzidza uku, tinofungidzira kuti kudyara kwemiti, kunyange kunoonekwa muBECCS yakaipa emissions concept, haisi mushonga wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye inodya chikamu chinotyisa chevhu rinorimwa6.Sechiyedzo chepfungwa, zvakafungidzirwa kuti pakati pe640 ne950 GtCO2 yaizoda kubviswa mumhepo ne2100 kuderedza kupisa kwepasirese kukwira kusvika 1.5°C53 (inenge 8 kusvika 12 GtCO2 pagore).Kuita izvi nekuita zvirinani biocomposite (574.08 ± 30.19 t CO2 t-1 biomass pagore-1) kunoda kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu kubva pa5.5 × 1010 kusvika 8.2 × 1010 m3 (ine inofananidzwa photosynthetic kunyatsoshanda), ine kubva 196 bhiriyoni kusvika 2 litres. polymer.Tichifunga kuti 1 m3 yemabiocomposites inotora 1 m2 yenzvimbo yevhu, nzvimbo inodiwa kutora chinangwa chegore rose CO2 ichava pakati pe5.5 ne8.17 miriyoni mahekita, iyo yakaenzana ne0.18-0.27% yakakodzera hupenyu hwenzvimbo dziri mu tropics, uye kuderedza nzvimbo yevhu.kudiwa kweBECCS ne98-99%.Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti theoretical capture ratio yakavakirwa pane CO2 absorption yakanyorwa muchiedza chakaderera.Pakarepo iyo biocomposite inoratidzwa kune yakanyanya kusimba mwenje wechisikigo, mwero we CO2 kutora unowedzera, uchiwedzera kudzikisira zvinodikanwa zvepasi uye kusimudzira zvikero mberi kune iyo biocomposite pfungwa.Nekudaro, iko kuita kunofanirwa kunge kuri kuequator kwekugara kwebacklight kusimba uye nguva.
Mhedzisiro yepasi rose ye CO2 fertilization, kureva kuwedzera kwekukura kwezvinomera kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwe CO2 kuwanikwa, kwakaderera munzvimbo dzakawanda dzevhu, zvichida nekuda kwekuchinja kwekudya kwevhu kunokosha (N uye P) uye zviwanikwa zvemvura7.Izvi zvinoreva kuti terrestrial photosynthesis inogona kusatungamira mukuwedzera kwe CO2 kutora, kunyangwe yakakwirisa CO2 yakakwira mumhepo.Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, nzira dzekudzikisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi dzakaita seBECCS hadzina kunyanya kubudirira.Kana ichi chiitiko chepasi rose chikasimbiswa, yedu lichen-yakafuridzirwa biocomposite inogona kuve yakakosha pfuma, kushandura single-celled aquatic photosynthetic microbes kuita "ground agents."Zvizhinji zvezvirimwa zvepanyika zvinogadzirisa CO2 kuburikidza neC3 photosynthesis, nepo C4 zvirimwa zvinonyanya kudziya, kuoma kwekugara uye zvinonyanya kushanda pakakwirira CO254 chikamu chekumanikidzwa.Cyanobacteria inopa imwe nzira inogona kukanganisa kufanotaura kunotyisa kwekuderedzwa kwekabhoni dioksijeni kuratidzwa muC3 mbeu.Cyanobacteria yakakunda miganhu yephotorespiratory nekugadzira inoshanda kabhoni enrichment mechanism umo madhigirii epamusoro eCO2 anoratidzwa uye anochengetwa ne ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) mukati mecarboxysomes kutenderedza.Kana kugadzirwa kwecyanobacterial biocomposites kuchigona kuwedzerwa, ichi chinogona kuve chombo chakakosha kuvanhu mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Biocomposites (lichen mimics) inopa mabhenefiti akajeka pamusoro pezvakajairwa microalgae uye cyanobacteria kumiswa tsika, ichipa yakakwirira CO2 miitiro yekutora, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwenjodzi, uye kuvimbisa kukwikwidza CO2 kudzivirira.Mari inoderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwevhu, mvura nekudya kunovaka muviri56.Ichi chidzidzo chinoratidza kugona kwekugadzira uye kugadzira yakakwira-performance biocompatible latex iyo, kana yakabatanidzwa ne loofah sponge semumiriri wesubstrate, inogona kupa inoshanda uye inoshanda CO2 kutora kwemwedzi yekuvhiya uku ichichengeta kurasikirwa kwesero kusvika kushoma.MaBiocomposites anogona ne theoretically kutora angangoita 570 t CO2 t-1 yebiomass pagore uye inogona kuratidza kuti yakakosha kupfuura nzira dzeBECCS dzekudyara masango mumhinduro yedu kukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.Nekuwedzera kukwenenzverwa kwekuumbwa kwepolymer, kuyedzwa pachiedza chepamusoro, uye zvakasanganiswa neakaomesesa metabolic engineering, masikirwo ekutanga biogeoengineers anogona zvakare kuuya kuzonunura.
Acrylic latex polymers akagadzirwa achishandisa musanganiswa we styrene monomers, butyl acrylate uye acrylic acid, uye pH yakagadziridzwa kuita 7 ine 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (tafura 2).Styrene uye butyl acrylate inogadzira huwandu hwemacheni epolymer, nepo acrylic asidhi ichibatsira kuchengetedza latex particles in suspension57.Izvo zvigadziro zve latex zvinogadziriswa negirazi yekushandura tembiricha (Tg), iyo inodzorwa nekushandura chiyero che styrene uye butyl acrylate, iyo inopa "yakaoma" uye "nyoro" maitiro, maererano58.Yakajairika acrylic latex polymer i50:50 styrene:butyl acrylate 30, saka muchidzidzo ichi latex ine reshiyo iyi yainzi "yakajairika" latex, uye latex ine styrene content yainzi latex ine yakaderera styrene content. .inonzi "nyoro" se "yakaoma".
Emulsion yekutanga yakagadzirwa uchishandisa mvura yakasvibiswa (174 g), sodium bicarbonate (0.5 g) uye Rhodapex Ab/20 surfactant (30.92 g) (Solvay) kudzikamisa madonhwe makumi matatu emonomeri.Kushandisa sirinji yegirazi (Science Glass Engineering) ine jekiseni pombi, yechipiri aliquot ine styrene, butyl acrylate uye acrylic acid yakanyorwa muTebhurari 2 yakawedzerwa inodonha pamwero we100 ml h-1 kune yekutanga emulsion kwemaawa mana (Cole -Palmer, Mount Vernon, Illinois).Gadzirira mhinduro ye polymerization initiator 59 uchishandisa dHO uye ammonium persulfate (100 ml, 3% w/w).
Gadzirisa mushonga une dHO (206 g), sodium bicarbonate (1 g) neRhodapex Ab/20 (4.42 g) uchishandisa chibatiso chepamusoro (Heidolph Hei-TORQUE kukosha 100) nepropeller yesimbi isina tsvina uye kupisa kusvika 82°C mu chikepe chemvura chine jaketi muVWR Scientific 1137P inopisa mvura yekugezera.Mushonga wakaderedzwa uremu hwemonomeri (28.21 g) uye initiator (20.60 g) yakawedzerwa inodonha mumudziyo wejaketi uye yakasimudzwa kwemaminetsi makumi maviri.Sanganisa zvine simba monoma yasara (150 ml h-1) uye initiator (27 ml h-1) mhinduro kuti zvimedu zvirambe zvakamira kusvika zvawedzerwa mubhachi remvura kwemaawa mashanu uchishandisa 10 ml majekiseni uye 100 ml zvakateerana mumudziyo. .inopedzwa nepombi yesirinji.Iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya yakawedzerwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu yekunyungudika kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza slurry.Mushure mekuwedzera iyo initiator uye emulsion, kupisa kwekuita kwakasimudzwa kusvika 85 ° C, yakasimudzwa zvakanaka pa 450 rpm kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, ndokuzotonhora kusvika 65 ° C.Mushure mekutonhora, mhinduro mbiri dzekutamisa dzakawedzerwa kune latex: tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) (70% mumvura) (5 g, 14% nehuremu) uye isoascorbic acid (5 g, 10% nehuremu)..Wedzera t-BHP kudonha nekudonha uye siya kwemaminitsi makumi maviri.Erythorbic acid yakabva yawedzerwa pamwero we4 ml/h kubva musirinji ine 10 ml uchishandisa pombi yesirinji.Mushonga welatex wakabva watonhodzwa kusvika kukamuri tembiricha uye wakagadziridzwa kuita pH 7 ine 0.1M sodium hydroxide.
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol) - low toxicity biodegradable coalescent ye latex pendi 37,60 - yakawedzerwa nesirinji uye pombi mumavhoriyamu matatu (0, 4, 12% v/v) se coalescing agent yemusanganiswa we latex kufambisa kuumbwa kwemafirimu panguva yekuomesa37.The latex solids percentage yakatemwa nekuisa 100 µl yepolymer yega yega mumakapisi akayerwa ealuminium foil uye kuomeswa muovheni pa100°C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana.
Pakufambiswa kwechiedza, musanganiswa wega wega welatex waiiswa kuchisiraidhi chemaikorosikopu uchishandisa simbi isina tsvina inodonhedza cube yakakwenenzverwa kuburitsa 100 µm mafirimu uye yakaomeswa pa20°C kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.Kufambiswa kwechiedza (chakanangana nemwaranzi yephotosynthetically inoshanda, λ 400–700 nm) yakayerwa paILT950 SpectriLight spectroradiometer ine sensor iri chinhambwe che35 cm kubva pa 30 W fluorescent rambi (Sylvania Luxline Plus, n = 6) - uko chiedza kwaibva cyanobacteria uye zvipenyu Zvinoumbwa zvinhu zvinochengetedzwa.SpectrILight III software vhezheni 3.5 yakashandiswa kurekodha kuvhenekera uye kutapurirana mune iyo λ 400-700 nm61 renji.Yese samples yakaiswa pamusoro pe sensor, uye isina kuvharwa girazi masiraidhi akashandiswa sekutonga.
Latex samples yakawedzerwa kune silicone yekubikira ndiro uye yakabvumirwa kuomeswa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana isati yaongororwa kuoma.Isa sampu yakaomeswa yelatex pachivharo chesimbi pasi pe x10 microscope.Mushure mekutarisa, sampuli dzakaongororwa paBuehler Micromet II microhardness tester.Sample yakaiswa pasi pesimba re100 kusvika 200 magiramu uye nguva yekuremerwa yakaiswa kumasekonzi manomwe kugadzira dhaimondi mumuenzaniso.Kudhinda kwakaongororwa pachishandiswa aBruker Alicona × 10 maikorosikopu chinangwa nekuwedzera kuyera chimiro software.The Vickers hardness formula (Equation 1) yakashandiswa kuverenga kuoma kwelatex yega yega, uko HV iri nhamba yeVickers, F ndiyo inoshandiswa simba, uye d ndiyo avhareji yema indent diagonals akaverengwa kubva paurefu nehupamhi hwelatex.indent value."yakapfava" latex haigone kuyerwa nekuda kwekunamira uye kutambanudza panguva yekuyedza indentation.
Kuti uone tembiricha yekushanduka kwegirazi (Tg) yekuumbwa kwelatex, masampula epolymer akaiswa mune silica gel ndiro, akaomeswa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, akayerwa kusvika 0.005 g, uye akaiswa mundiro dzemuenzaniso.Iyo ndiro yakavharwa uye yakaiswa mune yakasarudzika scanning colorimeter (PerkinElmer DSC 8500, Intercooler II, Pyris data analysis software)62.Nzira yekupisa yekupisa inoshandiswa kuisa makapu ereferenzi uye sampuli makapu muovheni imwechete ine yakavakirwa-mukati tembiricha probe kuyera tembiricha.Huwandu hwemarambi maviri akashandiswa kugadzira curve inowirirana.Nzira yemuenzaniso yakasimudzwa kakawanda kubva -20 ° C kusvika 180 ° C pamwero we20 ° C paminiti.Imwe neimwe yekutanga uye yekupedzisira poindi inochengetwa kweminiti 1 kuti iverenge tembiricha yakadzika.
Kuti tiongorore kugona kweiyo biocomposite kutora CO2, sampuli dzakagadzirirwa uye dzakaedzwa nenzira imwechete seyakaitika mukudzidza kwedu kwekare31.Iyo yakaomeswa uye yakavharwa washcloth yakachekwa kuita mitsetse inenge 1 × 1 × 5 cm uye kuyerwa.Isa 600 µl yeaviri anonyanya kushanda biocoatings ega ega cyanobacteria strain kune imwe magumo ega ega loofah strip, inovhara anenge 1 × 1 × 3 cm, uye yakaoma murima pa20 ° C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana.Nekuda kweiyo macroporous chimiro cheloofah, imwe fomula yakaraswa, saka sero kurodha kugona kwaisava 100%.Kukunda dambudziko iri, huremu hwekugadzirira kwakaoma pane loofah hwakatemerwa uye hwakajairwa kune referensi yakaoma kugadzirira.Kudzora kweAbiotic kunosanganisira loofah, latex, uye sterile nutrient medium yakagadzirwa nenzira yakafanana.
Kuita bvunzo yekutora hafu-batch CO2, isa biocomposite (n = 3) mu50 ml yegirazi chubhu kuitira kuti imwe magumo ebiocomposite (isina biocoating) inosangana ne5 ml yekukura kwepakati, zvichibvumira chikafu kutakurwa necapillary action..Bhodhoro rakavharwa nebutyl rubber cork ine dhayamita ye20 mm uye yakashongedzwa ne silvery aluminium cap.Kana yavharwa, jekiseni 45 ml ye5% CO2/mhepo ine tsono isina utachiona yakasungirirwa sirinji inosunga gasi.Sero density yekudzora kumiswa (n = 3) yaive yakaenzana nesero rekutakura rebiocomposite mune inovaka muviri.Iwo maedzo akaitwa pa18 ± 2 °C aine photoperiod ye16:8 uye photoperiod ye30.5 µmol m-2 s-1.Nzvimbo yemusoro yaibviswa mazuva maviri oga oga nesirinji inosunga gasi uye yakaongororwa ne CO2 mita ine infrared absorption GEOTech G100 kuti ione chikamu cheCO2 chakabatwa.Wedzera huwandu hwakaenzana hwe CO2 gasi musanganiswa.
% CO2 Fix inoverengerwa seizvi: % CO2 Gadzirisa = 5% (v/v) - nyora % CO2 (equation 2) apo P = kumanikidza, V = vhoriyamu, T = tembiricha, uye R = yakakodzera gasi nguva dzose.
Yakashumwa CO2 yekutora mitengo yekudzora kumiswa kwecyanobacteria uye biocomposites yakajairwa kune isiri yebhayoloji kutonga.Iyo inoshanda unit ye g biomass huwandu hweakaoma biomass isingafambiswe pamucheka wewachi.Inotemerwa nekuyera loofah samples pamberi uye mushure mekugadzirisa sero.Kuverengera kwesero rekutakura misa (biomass yakaenzana) nekuyera wega gadziriro isati yaoma uye mushure mekuoma uye nekuverenga kuwanda kwegadziriro yesero (equation 3).Kugadzirira kwesero kunofungidzirwa kuva homogeneous panguva yekugadzirisa.
Minitab 18 uye Microsoft Excel ine RealStatistics yekuwedzera yakashandiswa pakuongorora nhamba.Zvakajairwa zvakaedzwa uchishandisa bvunzo yeAnderson-Darling, uye kuenzana kwekusiyana kwakaedzwa uchishandisa bvunzo yeLevene.Dhata inogutsa fungidziro idzi yakaongororwa pachishandiswa nzira mbiri dzekuongorora musiyano (ANOVA) nebvunzo yaTukey seye post hoc ongororo.Nzira mbiri-mbiri dzisina kusangana nefungidziro dzezvakajairwa uye kusiyana kwakaenzana kwakaongororwa pachishandiswa bvunzo yeShirer-Ray-Hara uyezve Mann-Whitney U-test kuona kukosha pakati pekurapa.Generalized linear mix (GLM) modhi yakashandiswa kune isiri-yakajairika data ine zvinhu zvitatu, uko data rakashandurwa pachishandiswa Johnson transform63.Nguva yekudyidzana kwezvigadzirwa zvePearson zvakaitwa kuti zviongorore hukama pakati peTexanol kusungwa, tembiricha yegirazi, uye latex toxicity uye data yekunamatira.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-05-2023