Isu tinoshandisa makuki kuvandudza ruzivo rwako.Nekuramba uchitsvaga saiti ino, unobvuma kushandisa kwedu makuki.Mamwe Mashoko.
Kuwedzera kugadzira (AM) kunosanganisira kugadzira matatu-dimensional zvinhu, imwe yekupedzisira-yakatetepa layer panguva, zvichiita kuti idhure pane yechinyakare machining.Zvisinei, chikamu chiduku cheupfu chakaiswa panguva yegungano chinotengeswa muchikamu.Iyo yakasara ipapo hainyungudika, saka inogona kushandiswa zvakare.Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chacho chakasikwa classically, kubviswa kwezvinhu kuburikidza nekugaya uye machining zvinowanzodiwa.
Hunhu hwehupfu hunotaridza maparameter emuchina uye hunofanirwa kutariswa kutanga.Mutengo we AM ungave usina hupfumi zvichipiwa kuti hupfu husina kunyunguduka hwakasvibiswa uye haugoni kushandiswa zvakare.Kukuvadzwa kwehupfu kunokonzeresa zviitiko zviviri: kugadzirwa kwekemikari yechigadzirwa uye shanduko mune zvemakanika zvinhu senge morphology uye particle size distribution.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, basa guru nderokugadzira zvivako zvakasimba zvine alloys yakachena, saka tinofanira kudzivisa kusvibiswa kwehupfu, semuenzaniso, neoxides kana nitrides.Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, aya ma parameter anobatanidzwa nekuyerera uye kupararira.Nokudaro, chero shanduko muhutano hwehupfu hunogona kutungamirira kune kugoverwa kusina kufanana kwechigadzirwa.
Dhiyabhorosi kubva kumabhuku achangoburwa anoratidza kuti classical flowmeters haigoni kupa ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pekuyerera kwehupfu mukugadzirwa kwehupfu hwemubhedha.Nezve maratidziro ezvigadzirwa (kana hupfu), pane akati wandei akakodzera nzira dzekuyera pamusika dzinogona kugutsa ichi chinodiwa.Mamiriro ekudzvinyirira uye poda inoyerera munda inofanira kunge yakafanana muchiyero chekuyera uye mukuita.Kuvapo kwekumanikidza mitoro haienderane neyemahara yepasi inoyerera inoshandiswa muAM zvishandiso mune shear cell testers uye classical rheometers.
GranuTools yakagadzira workflows yehupfu hunhu mukuwedzera kugadzira.Chinangwa chedu chikuru chaive chekuve nechishandiso chimwe pa geometry chechokwadi maitiro ekuenzanisira, uye mafambiro ebasa aya akashandiswa kunzwisisa uye kuronda kushanduka kwehupfu hwehupfu pamusoro pekudhinda kwakawanda.Anoverengeka akajairwa aruminiyamu alloys (AlSi10Mg) akasarudzwa kwenguva dzakasiyana pamhando dzakasiyana dzekupisa (kubva pa100 kusvika 200 ° C).
Kupisa kwekushisa kunogona kudzorwa nekuongorora kukwanisa kwehupfu kuchengetedza mutero.Iyo poda yakaongororwa kuyerera (GranuDrum chiridzwa), kurongedza kinetics (GranuPack chiridzwa) uye electrostatic maitiro (GranuCharge chiridzwa).Kubatana uye kurongedza kinetics kuyerwa kunowanikwa kune anotevera hupfu huzhinji.
Hupfu hunopararira nyore nyore huchawana yakaderera cohesion indekisi, nepo hupfu hune kukurumidza kuzadza dynamics huchagadzira mechanical zvikamu zvine porosity shoma kana zvichienzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvinonetsa kuzadza.
Matatu aruminiyamu alloy poda (AlSi10Mg) akachengetwa murabhoritari yedu kwemwedzi yakati wandei, aine akasiyana particle saizi kugoverwa, uye imwe 316L Stainless simbi sampu, inotaurwa pano semuenzaniso A, B uye C, yakasarudzwa.Hunhu hwemasampuli hunogona kusiyana kubva kune vamwe.vagadziri.Sample particle size distribution yakayerwa nelaser diffraction analysis/ISO 13320.
Sezvo ivo vanodzora zvigadziro zvemuchina, zvinhu zvehupfu zvinofanira kutariswa kutanga, uye kana tikafunga kuti hupfu husina kunyunguduka hwakasvibiswa uye husingagadziriswi, mari yekuwedzera yekugadzira haizove yehupfumi sezvatinoda.Naizvozvo, maparamita matatu achaongororwa: kuyerera kwehupfu, kurongedza kinetics uye electrostatics.
Kupararira kunoenderana nekufanana uye "kupfava" kwehupfu hwehupfu mushure mekugadzirisa kushanda.Izvi zvakanyanya kukosha sezvo nzvimbo dzakatsetseka dziri nyore kudhinda uye dzinogona kuongororwa neGranuDrum chishandiso chine adhesion index kuyerwa.
Nekuti pores inzvimbo dzisina kusimba mune chinhu, dzinogona kutungamirira mukutsemuka.Packing dynamics ndiyo yechipiri yakakosha parameter nekuti kukurumidza kurongedza poda ine yakaderera porosity.Maitiro aya akayerwa neGranuPack ine kukosha kwen1/2.
Kuvapo kwekutengesa kwemagetsi muupfu kunogadzira masimba akabatana anotungamirira pakuumbwa kweagglomerates.GranuCharge inoyera kugona kwehupfu kugadzira iyo electrostatic charge paunosangana nechinhu chakasarudzwa panguva yekuyerera.
Panguva yekugadziriswa, GranuCharge inogona kufanotaura kuyerera kwekuyerera, senge dhizaini yekugadzira mu AM.Nokudaro, zviyero zvakawanikwa zvinonyanya kukoshesa mamiriro ezviyo (oxidation, kusvibiswa uye roughness).Kuchembera kwehupfu hwakadzoserwa hunogona kuverengerwa nemazvo (± 0.5 nC).
Iyo GranuDrum yakavakirwa pamusimboti wengoma inotenderera uye inzira yakarongwa yekuyera kuyerera kwehupfu.Silinda yakachinjika ine madziro emadziro anoonekera ine hafu yemuenzaniso wehupfu.Iyo dhiramu inotenderera yakapoteredza axis yayo paangular speed ye 2 kusvika 60 rpm, uye CCD kamera inotora mifananidzo (kubva pa30 kusvika ku100 mifananidzo pa1 second intervals).Iyo mhepo / hupfu interface inotaridzwa pamufananidzo wega wega uchishandisa edge yekuona algorithm.
Kokorodza avhareji chinzvimbo cheiyo interface uye iyo oscillations yakatenderedza iyi avhareji chinzvimbo.Pakumhanya kwega kwega kutenderera, kona yekuyerera (kana kuti "dynamic angle yekuzorora") αf inoverengerwa kubva painorehwa chinzvimbo, uye iyo dynamic adhesion index σf, iyo inoreva interparticle bonding, inoongororwa kubva pakuchinja kwechimiro.
Kuyerera kwekona kunopesvedzerwa nehuwandu hwema paramita: kupesana pakati pezvimedu, chimiro uye kubatana (van der Waals, electrostatic uye capillary masimba).Hupfu hwakabatana hunokonzera kuyerera kwepakati, nepo hupfu husina kubatana hunokonzera kuyerera nguva dzose.Zvidiki zvidiki zveyekuyerera angle αf zvinoenderana neyakanaka kuyerera zvivakwa.A dynamic adhesion index pedyo ne zero inopindirana nehupfu husina kubatana, saka, sezvo kusungirirwa kwehupfu kunowedzera, nhamba yekunamatira inowedzera maererano.
GranuDrum inokubvumira kuyera kona yeavalanche yekutanga uye aeration yehupfu panguva yekuyerera, pamwe nekuyera iyo adhesion index σf uye kuyerera kwekona αf zvichienderana nekutenderera kwekutenderera.
GranuPack bulk density, tapping density uye Hausner chiyero zviyero (inonziwo "touch tests") inofarirwa zvakanyanya muhupfu maitiro nekuda kwekureruka uye nekumhanya kwekuyera.Kuwanda kwehupfu uye kukwanisa kuwedzera kuwanda kwayo inokosha parameters panguva yekuchengetedza, kutakura, agglomeration, etc. Nzira yakakurudzirwa inotsanangurwa muPharmacopoeia.
Uyu muedzo uri nyore une zvipingamupinyi zvitatu zvikuru.Izvo zviyero zvinoenderana neanoshanda uye nzira yekuzadza inobata iyo yekutanga hupfu vhoriyamu.Kuyera kunoonekwa kwehuwandu kunogona kutungamirira kuzvikanganiso zvakakomba mumigumisiro.Nekuda kwekureruka kwekuyedza, isu takaregeredza compaction dynamics pakati pekutanga uye yekupedzisira zviyero.
Hunhu hwehupfu hwakadyiswa mudura rinoenderera hwakaongororwa uchishandisa otomatiki michina.Nyatsoyera iyo Hausner coefficient Hr, density yekutanga ρ(0) uye density yekupedzisira ρ(n) mushure mekudzvanya n.
Nhamba yematepi inowanzogadziriswa pa n = 500.Iyo GranuPack ndeye otomatiki uye yepamberi yekubatisa density kuyerwa kwakavakirwa patsvagiridzo ine simba.
Mamwe ma index anogona kushandiswa, asi haana kunyorwa pano.Iyo hupfu inoiswa mumachubhu esimbi uye inoenda kuburikidza neyakaomesesa otomatiki yekutanga maitiro.Kuwedzera kweiyo dynamic parameter n1/2 uye iyo yakanyanya density ρ(∞) inotorwa kubva pa compaction curve.
Silinda isina kuremerwa inogara pamusoro pemubhedha wehupfu kuchengetedza hupfu / mhepo yekubatanidza nhanho panguva yekubatana.Iyo chubhu ine sampuli yehupfu inokwira kusvika paurefu hwakatarwa ∆Z uye yobva yadonha yakasununguka kusvika pakukwirira, kazhinji inogadziriswa pa ∆Z = 1 mm kana ∆Z = 3 mm, inoyerwa otomatiki mushure mekuita kwega kwega.Nekureba, unogona kuverenga vhoriyamu V yemurwi.
Density ireshiyo yehuwandu m kusvika kuV V yehupfu layer.Hupfu huzhinji m inozivikanwa, iyo density ρ inoiswa mushure mekuburitswa kwega kwega.
Iyo Hausner coefficient Hr ine hukama ne compaction rate uye inoongororwa neiyo equation Hr = ρ(500) / ρ(0), apo ρ(0) ndiyo yekutanga kuwanda density uye ρ(500) ndiyo yakaverengerwa tap density mushure memazana mashanu. taps.Mibairo inodzokororwa nehupfu hudiki (kazhinji 35 ml) uchishandisa nzira yeGranuPack.
Zvinhu zvehupfu uye hunhu hwezvinhu izvo mudziyo unogadzirwa ndizvo zvakakosha paramita.Munguva yekuyerera, machaji emagetsi anogadzirwa mukati mehupfu, uye machaji aya anokonzerwa ne triboelectric effect, kuchinjana kwechaji kana maonda maviri asangana.
Kana hupfu huchiyerera mukati memudziyo, triboelectric mhedzisiro inoitika pakusangana pakati pezvimedu uye pakubata pakati pechimedu nechishandiso.
Paunosangana nezvinhu zvakasarudzwa, GranuCharge inoyera yega huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa mukati mehupfu panguva yekuyerera.Sample yehupfu inoyerera muV-chubhu inodedera uye inowira mukapu yeFaraday yakabatana neelectrometer inoyera mutengo unowanikwa nehupfu painofamba neV-tube.Kuti uwanezve zvabuda, dyisa V-chubhu nguva nenguva nemudziyo unotenderera kana kudedera.
The triboelectric effect inoita kuti chinhu chimwe chiwane maerekitironi pamusoro pacho uye nokudaro chigochajiwa zvisina kunaka, nepo chimwe chinhu chinorasa maerekitironi nokudaro chinochajwa zvakanaka.Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowana maerekitironi zviri nyore kupfuura zvimwe, uye zvimwe chetezvo, zvimwe zvinhu zvinorasikirwa nemaerekitironi zviri nyore.
Ndechipi chinyorwa chinova chisina kunaka uye chinova chakanaka chinoenderana nekatsika kezvinhu zvinobatanidzwa kuwana kana kurasikirwa maerekitironi.Kumiririra aya maitiro, iyo triboelectric yakatevedzana inoratidzwa muTafura 1 yakagadzirwa.Zvishandiso zvinoita kunge zvinochajiswa zvakanaka uye zvimwe zvinenge zvichipomerwa zvakaipa zvakanyorwa, nepo zvinhu zvisingaratidzi maitiro ehunhu zvakanyorwa pakati petafura.
Kune rimwe divi, tafura iyi inongopa ruzivo pamusoro pemaitiro ekuchajisa zvinhu, saka GranuCharge yakagadzirwa kuti ipe hunhu chaihwo hwehupfu hwekuchaja maitiro.
Kuedza kwakawanda kwakaitwa kuongorora kuora kwekupisa.Samples dzakasiiwa pa200 ° C kweawa imwe kusvika maviri.Iyo poda inobva yaongororwa pakarepo neGranuDrum (zita rinopisa).Hupfu hunozoiswa mumudziyo kusvika hwasvika pakudziya kwemukati mozoongororwa pachishandiswa GranuDrum, GranuPack neGranuCharge (kureva “kutonhora”).
Samples mbishi dzakaongororwa pachishandiswa GranuPack, GranuDrum uye GranuCharge pahunyoro hwakafanana/tembiricha yemukamuri, kureva hunyoro hwepakati 35.0 ± 1.5% uye tembiricha 21.0 ± 1.0 °C.
Indekisi yekubatana inoverenga kuyerera kwehupfu uye inopindirana nekuchinja kwechinzvimbo cheiyo interface (upfu / mhepo), iyo inoratidzira matatu chete masimba ekusangana (van der Waals, capillary uye electrostatic).Kusati kwaedza, nyora hunyoro hwehukama (RH, %) uye tembiricha (°C).Zvadaro dururira hupfu mumudziyo wedhiramu uye tanga kuedza.
Takagumisa kuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvaisave nehanya necaking kana tichifunga nezve thixotropic parameters.Sezvineiwo, kushushikana kwekushisa kwakashandura rheological maitiro ehupfu hwemasamples A uye B kubva pakuveura kukora kusvika pakuveura kutetepa.Kune rimwe divi, maSamples C uye SS 316L haana kukanganiswa nekupisa uye aingoratidza kukora kweshear.Poda yega yega yakaratidza kupararira kuri nani (kureva kudzika kwekubatana index) mushure mekupisa nekutonhora.
Iyo tembiricha mhedzisiro inoenderanawo neiyo chaiyo nzvimbo yezvimedu.Kunyanya kupisa kwekupisa kwezvinhu, ndiko kuwedzera kwekuita kwekushisa (kureva ???225 °?=250?.?-1.?-1) uye ?316?225°?=19?.?-1.?-1), kana zvidimbu zviduku, zvinonyanya kukosha kushanda kwekushisa.Kushanda patembiricha yakakwira isarudzo yakanaka yealuminium alloy poda nekuda kwekuwedzera kupararira, uye masampula akatonhodzwa anowana kuyerera kuri nani kana zvichienzaniswa nepristine poda.
Kune yega yega GranuPack kuyedza, huremu hwehupfu hwakanyorwa musati waedzwa, uye sampu yakaiswa kune 500 mibairo ine mhedzisiro frequency ye1 Hz nekudonha kwemahara kwesero rekuyeresa re1 mm (impact simba ∝).Samples anopihwa mumaseru ekuyeresa zvinoenderana nemirairo yesoftware yakazvimirira pamushandisi.Zviyero zvakazodzokororwa kaviri kuti zviongorore kuberekana uye kuongorora zvinoreva uye kutsauka kwemaitiro.
Mushure mekuongorora kweGranuPack kwapera, yekutanga kurongedza density (ρ (0)), yekupedzisira kurongedza density (pakudzvanya kwakati, n = 500, kureva ρ(500)), Hausner ratio/Carr index (Hr/Cr), uye maviri akarekodhwa. parameters (n1/2 uye τ) ine chokuita nekugadzirisa simba.The optimal density ρ(∞) inoratidzwawo (ona Appendikisi 1).Tafura iri pazasi inorongazve data rekuyedza.
Figure 6 uye 7 inoratidza iyo yakazara compaction curves (yakawanda density inopesana nenhamba yemhedzisiro) uye n1/2/Hausner parameter ratio.Mabhawa emhosho akaverengerwa pachishandiswa maavhareji anoratidzwa pane imwe neimwe curve, uye mitsetse yakajairwa yakaverengerwa kubva pakudzokororwa bvunzo.
The 316L Stainless simbi chigadzirwa ndicho chakanyanya kurema (ρ(0) = 4.554 g/mL).Panyaya yedensity yekubata, SS 316L ndiyo ichiri hupfu hunorema (ρ(n) = 5.044 g/mL), ichiteverwa neSample A (ρ(n) = 1.668 g/mL), ichiteverwa neSample B (ρ (n) = 1.668 g/ml) (n) = 1.645 g/ml).Sample C ndiyo yaive yakadzikira (ρ(n) = 1.581 g/mL).Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehupfu hwekutanga, tinoona kuti sampuli A ndiyo yakareruka, uye tichifunga nezve kukanganisa (1.380 g / ml), samples B neC dzine hukasha hwakafanana.
Kana hupfu hwapisa, chiyero chayo cheHausner chinodzikira, chinoitika chete kune sampuli B, C uye SS 316L.Kune Sample A, izvi hazvigone kuitwa nekuda kwehukuru hwemabhawa ekukanganisa.Kune n1/2, iyo parameter maitiro anonetsa kuziva.Nokuda kwemuenzaniso A uye SS 316L, kukosha kwen1 / 2 kwakaderera mushure me2 h pa 200 ° C, nepo poda B neC yakawedzera mushure mekupisa kwekupisa.
A vibrating feeder akashandiswa kune yega yega GranuCharge kuyedza (ona Mufananidzo 8).Shandisa 316L pombi yesimbi isina tsvina.Zviyero zvakadzokororwa 3 nguva kuti zviongorore kuberekazve.Huremu hwechigadzirwa chakashandiswa pachiyero chega chega chaive 40 ml uye hapana hupfu hwakadzoserwa mushure mekuyerwa.
Pamberi pekuedza, huremu hwehupfu (mp, g), hunyoro hwemhepo (RH, %), uye tembiricha (°C) zvinorekodhwa.Pakutanga kwebvunzo, yera huwandu hwechaji yehupfu hwekutanga (q0 muµC/kg) nekuunza hupfu mukapu yeFaraday.Pakupedzisira, rekodha huwandu hwehupfu uye uverenge yekupedzisira kubhadharisa density (qf, µC / kg) uye Δq (Δq = qf - q0) pakupera kwekuedza.
Iyo mbishi GranuCharge data inoratidzwa muTafura 2 uye Mufananidzo 9 (σ ndiyo yakajairwa kutsauka yakaverengerwa kubva pamhedzisiro yekubereka bvunzo), uye mhedzisiro inoratidzwa se histograms (q0 chete uye Δq chete inoratidzwa).Iyo SS 316L yaive nemutengo wakaderera wekutanga;izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti chigadzirwa ichi chine yepamusoro PSD.Nezve iyo yekutanga yekuchaja huwandu hwekutanga aluminium alloy poda, hapana mhedziso inogona kutorwa nekuda kwehukuru hwekukanganisa.
Mushure mekusangana ne 316L Stainless simbi pombi, sampuli A yakawana shoma shoma yekubhadharisa kana ichienzaniswa nehupfu B neC, iyo inoratidza maitiro akafanana, apo SS 316L hupfu yakakwizwa neSS 316L, kuzara kwechaji kunosvika ku0 kunowanikwa (ona triboelectric. series).Chigadzirwa B chichiri kubhadhariswa kupfuura A. Yemuenzaniso C, maitiro anoenderera mberi (yakanaka yekutanga kubhadharisa uye mutero wekupedzisira mushure mekudonha), asi nhamba yemhosva inowedzera mushure mekupisa kwekupisa.
Mushure memaawa maviri ekushushikana kwekupisa pa200 ° C, maitiro ehupfu anova anoshamisa.Mumienzaniso A neB, kubhadharisa kwekutanga kunodzikira uye muripo wekupedzisira unoshanduka kubva kune wakashata kuenda kune wakanaka.SS 316L powder yaiva nepamusoro pekutanga kubhadharisa uye kuchinja kwayo kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakava hwakanaka asi hwakaramba huri pasi (kureva 0.033 nC / g).
Takaongorora mhedzisiro yekuparara kwekupisa pamaitiro akabatanidzwa ealuminium alloy (AlSi10Mg) uye 316L Stainless simbi poda tichiongorora mapoda epakutanga mumhepo yakadzika mushure memaawa maviri pa200 ° C.
Kushandiswa kwehupfu pakupisa kwepamusoro kunogona kuvandudza kupararira kwechigadzirwa, uye izvi zvinoratidzika sezvinonyanya kukosha kune poda dzine nzvimbo yakakwirira yepamusoro uye zvinhu zvine high thermal conductivity.GranuDrum yakashandiswa kuongorora kuyerera, GranuPack yakashandiswa kushandura kuzadza ongororo, uye GranuCharge yakashandiswa kuongorora triboelectricity yehupfu inosangana ne316L simbi isina tsvina.
Izvi zvakagadziriswa uchishandisa GranuPack, iyo inoratidza kuvandudzwa kweHausner coefficient yehupfu imwe neimwe (kunze kwemuenzaniso A nekuda kwekukanganisa kwehukuru) mushure mekugadzirisa kupisa kwekupisa.Tichitarisa kurongedza parameters (n1 / 2), pakanga pasina maitiro akajeka sezvo zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakaratidza kuwedzera kwekumhanya kwekutakura nepo vamwe vaine maitiro akasiyana (eg Samples B uye C).
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-10-2023